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Author Meershoek, L.S.; Roepstorff, L.; Schamhardt, H.C.; Johnston, C.; Bobbert, M.F.
Title Joint moments in the distal forelimbs of jumping horses during landing Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages (down) 410-415
Keywords Animals; Biomechanics; Forelimb/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Joints/*physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Tendons/*physiology; Weight-Bearing
Abstract Tendon injuries are an important problem in athletic horses and are probably caused by excessive loading of the tendons during demanding activities. As a first step towards understanding these injuries, the tendon loading was quantified during jump landings. Kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected from the leading and trailing forelimbs of 6 experienced jumping horses. Joint moments were calculated using inverse dynamic analysis. It was found that the variation of movement and loading patterns was small, both within and between horses. The peak flexor joint moments in the coffin and fetlock joints were larger in the trailing limb (-0.62 and -2.44 Nm/kg bwt, respectively) than in the leading limb (-0.44 and -1.93 Nm/kg bwt, respectively) and exceeded literature values for trot by 82 and 45%. Additionally, there was an extensor coffin joint moment in the first half of the stance phase of the leading limb (peak value 0.26+/-0.18 Nm/kg bwt). From these results, it was concluded that the loading of the flexor tendons during landing was higher in the trailing than in the leading limb and that there was an unexpected loading of the extensor tendon in the leading limb.
Address Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11469776 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3787
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Author Maros, K.; Boross, B.; Kubinyi, E.
Title Approach and follow behaviour – possible indicators of the human-horse relationship Type Abstract
Year 2010 Publication Interaction Studies Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages (down) 410-427
Keywords Approach; Follow; Human&#8211; Horse Interaction
Abstract The aim of our study was to analyze the behavioural responses of horses (N = 51) to familiar humans and to find factors that may affect these responses in three tests: (1) approach to, (2) standing beside, and (3) following the familiar person. We investigated the impacts of horse-related factors (gender and age) and human-related factors (type of work, housing management, amount of handling, number of handlers and training to follow).<br xmlns=“http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/”></br> Horses with one handler needed less time to approach the human than horses with more handlers. Standing beside the human correlated positively with following. Following was mainly affected by training.<br xmlns=“http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/”></br> According to our results, the number of handlers has an important effect on horses' responses to familiar humans, especially regarding approach and follow behaviour. However, following behaviour is fundamentally determined by training.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5728
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Author Ferguson, D.L.; Rosales-Ruiz, J.
Title Loading the problem loader: the effects of target training and shaping on trailer-loading behavior of horses Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis Abbreviated Journal J Appl Behav Anal
Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages (down) 409-423
Keywords Animals; *Conditioning, Operant; *Escape Reaction; Female; Horses/*psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Transportation
Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for trailer loading horses based on principles of positive reinforcement. Target training and shaping were used to teach trailer-loading behavior to 5 quarter horse mares in a natural setting. All 5 had been trailer loaded before through the use of aversive stimulation. Successive approximations to loading and inappropriate behaviors were the dependent variables. After training a horse to approach a target, the target was moved to various locations inside the trailer. Horses started training on the left side of a two-horse trailer. After a horse was loading on the left side, she was moved to the right side, then to loading half on the right and half on the left. A limited-hold procedure and the presence of a companion horse seemed to facilitate training for 1 horse. Inappropriate behaviors fell to zero immediately after target training, and all the horses successfully completed the shaping sequence. Finally, these effects were observed to generalize to novel conditions (a different trainer and a different trailer).
Address University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8855 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11800182 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1915
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Author Bourjade, M.; Moulinot, M.; Henry, S.; Richard-Yris, M.-A. Hausberger.M
Title Could Adults be Used to Improve Social Skills of Young Horses, Equus caballus? Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages (down) 408-417
Keywords horse • social influence • young-adult interaction • social development
Abstract We investigated the effects of the introduction of foreign adults on the behavior of young horses. First, we observed the behavior of 1- and 2-year-old domestic horses housed in same-age and same-sex groups (a standard housing system, but different from a natural situation). Then, two same-sex adults were introduced into each experimental group. Observations made before, during and after an introduction indicated that young horses reared in homogeneous groups of young had different behaviors compared to other domestic horses reared under more socially natural conditions. After the introduction of adults, young horses expressed new behaviors, preferential social associations emerged, positive social behavior increased and agonistic interactions decreased. These results have important implications both for understanding the influence that adults may have on the behavior of young horses, and in terms of husbandry, indicating the importance of keeping young horses with adults, although further studies are still necessary. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 408-417, 2008.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4800
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Author Westerduin, F.E.; Lankveld, D.P.K.; van der Velden, M.A.; Back, W.; Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M.
Title [Splenectomy in a dressage pony: end of sports career?] Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde Abbreviated Journal Tijdschr Diergeneeskd
Volume 128 Issue 13 Pages (down) 406-411
Keywords Animals; Biopsy/veterinary; Colic/surgery/veterinary; Horse Diseases/pathology/*surgery/ultrasonography; Horses; Laparotomy/veterinary; Male; Splenectomy/*veterinary; Splenomegaly/surgery/ultrasonography/*veterinary; *Sports
Abstract A 14-year-old Arabian cross-bred gelding was referred to the University Clinic because of mild, recurrent signs of colic for 5 days. The pony showed icteric mucous membranes, haemolytic blood, and dark coloured urine. Internal examination did not give a clear diagnosis. Unidentified intra-abdominal strands were found and haemorrhagic abdominocentesis led to the decision to perform an exploratory laparatomy. An extremely enlarged spleen was the sole finding. A splenal biopsy sample was taken and surgery was completed. The pony remained colicky, so the spleen was examined by ultrasonography. After this examination, the tentative diagnosis 'tumour of the spleen' was made and splenectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the spleen revealed splenomegaly caused by infarctions of unknown origin. Eight weeks after surgery, the pony started again in dressage competition. Six months after splenectomy, the pony won the provincial dressage competition.
Address Hoofdafdeling Gezondheidszorg Paard, Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 12-16, 3584 CM Utrecht. fenna-lambert@planet.nl
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Language Dutch Summary Language Original Title Splenectomie bij een dressuurpony: einde sportcarriere?
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-7453 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12870176 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3722
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Author Winkelmayr, B.; Peham, C.; Fruhwirth, B.; Licka, T.; Scheidl, M.
Title Evaluation of the force acting on the back of the horse with an English saddle and a side saddle at walk, trot and canter Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J Suppl
Volume Issue 36 Pages (down) 406-410
Keywords Animals; Back/*physiology; Back Pain/etiology/veterinary; Biomechanics; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Gait/physiology; Horse Diseases/etiology; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Locomotion/physiology; Male; Movement/*physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal/instrumentation/methods/physiology; *Pressure; Weight-Bearing/*physiology
Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Force transmission under an English saddle (ES) at walk, trot and canter is commonly evaluated, but the influence of a side saddle (SS) on the equine back has not been documented. HYPOTHESIS: Force transmission under a SS, with its asymmetric construction, is different from an ES in walk, trot and canter, expressed in maximum overall force (MOF), force in the quarters of the saddle mat, and centre of pressure (COP). The biomechanics of the equine back are different under a SS compared to ES. METHODS: Thirteen horses without clinical signs of back pain ridden in an indoor riding school with both saddles were measured using an electronic saddle sensor pad. Synchronous kinematic measurements were carried out with tracing markers placed along the back in front of (withers, W) and behind the saddle (4th lumbar vertebra, L4). At least 6 motion cycles at walk, trot and canter with both saddles (ES, SS) were measured. Out of the pressure distribution the maximum overall force (MOF) and the location of the centre of pressure (COP) were calculated. RESULTS: Under the SS the centre of pressure was located to the right of the median and slightly caudal compared to the COP under the ES in all gaits. The MOF was significantly different (P<0.01) between saddles. At walk, L4 showed significantly larger (P<0.01) vertical excursions under the ES. Under the SS relative horizontal movement of W was significantly reduced (P<0.01) at trot, and at canter the transversal movement was significantly reduced (P<0.01) . In both trot and canter, no significant differences in the movement of L4 were documented. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The results demonstrate that the load under a SS creates asymmetric force transmission under the saddle, and also influences back movement. To change the load distribution on the back of horses with potential back pain and as a training variation, a combination of both riding styles is suitable.
Address Department V, Clinic of Orthopaedics in Ungulates, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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Notes PMID:17402456 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4007
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Author Pitchford, R.J.; Visser, P.S.; du Toit, J.F.; de Pienaar, U.V.; Young, E.
Title Observations on the ecology of Schistosoma mattheei Veglia & Le Roux, 1929, in portion of the Kruger National Park and surrounding area using a new quantitative technique for egg output Type Journal Article
Year 1973 Publication Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Abbreviated Journal J S Afr Vet Assoc
Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages (down) 405-420
Keywords Animals; Artiodactyla; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Feces; Goats; Haplorhini; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Methods; Monkey Diseases/epidemiology; Papio; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; South Africa; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology
Abstract
Address
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1019-9128 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4212207 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2711
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Author Abbruzzetti, S.; Crema, E.; Masino, L.; Vecli, A.; Viappiani, C.; Small, J.R.; Libertini, L.J.; Small, E.W.
Title Fast events in protein folding: structural volume changes accompanying the early events in the N-->I transition of apomyoglobin induced by ultrafast pH jump Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Biophysical Journal Abbreviated Journal Biophys J
Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages (down) 405-415
Keywords Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Horses; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Protein Conformation; *Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Abstract Ultrafast, laser-induced pH jump with time-resolved photoacoustic detection has been used to investigate the early protonation steps leading to the formation of the compact acid intermediate (I) of apomyoglobin (ApoMb). When ApoMb is in its native state (N) at pH 7.0, rapid acidification induced by a laser pulse leads to two parallel protonation processes. One reaction can be attributed to the binding of protons to the imidazole rings of His24 and His119. Reaction with imidazole leads to an unusually large contraction of -82 +/- 3 ml/mol, an enthalpy change of 8 +/- 1 kcal/mol, and an apparent bimolecular rate constant of (0.77 +/- 0.03) x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1). Our experiments evidence a rate-limiting step for this process at high ApoMb concentrations, characterized by a value of (0. 60 +/- 0.07) x 10(6) s(-1). The second protonation reaction at pH 7. 0 can be attributed to neutralization of carboxylate groups and is accompanied by an apparent expansion of 3.4 +/- 0.2 ml/mol, occurring with an apparent bimolecular rate constant of (1.25 +/- 0.02) x 10(11) M(-1) s(-1), and a reaction enthalpy of about 2 kcal/mol. The activation energy for the processes associated with the protonation of His24 and His119 is 16.2 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol, whereas that for the neutralization of carboxylates is 9.2 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol. At pH 4.5 ApoMb is in a partially unfolded state (I) and rapid acidification experiments evidence only the process assigned to carboxylate protonation. The unusually large contraction and the high energetic barrier observed at pH 7.0 for the protonation of the His residues suggests that the formation of the compact acid intermediate involves a rate-limiting step after protonation.
Address Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italia
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0006-3495 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:10620304 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3792
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Author Huebener, E.
Title How the Horse-Appropriate “Self-Acting” Leg Aid Could Be Better Communicated. Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Tierärztliche Umschau Abbreviated Journal Tierärztl. Umschau
Volume 8 Issue Pages (down) 403
Keywords cultured riding – horse-rider-harmony – sensitive-invisible aids – saving the backs of both horse and rider
Abstract From the base to the top of the sport horses are being coerced into “obedience” or the performance of exercises by force. Campaigns against the “Rollkur” or “Hyperflexion” fill the media. However the root of evil lies a lot deeper. The base of cultured riding in high harmony between horse and rider are sensitive, almost invisible aids which are being timed by the movements of the horse's back and trunk. Anchoring the knowledge of this interrelation in rider's minds has to this day been unsuccessful.
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 432
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Author Zhao, C.J.; Qin, Y.H.; Lee, X.H.; Wu, C.
Title Molecular and cytogenetic paternity testing of a male offspring of a hinny Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie Abbreviated Journal J Anim Breed Genet
Volume 123 Issue 6 Pages (down) 403-405
Keywords Animals; Cytogenetic Analysis; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Equidae/*genetics; Female; Horses/genetics; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Pedigree; Protamines/genetics; Sexual Behavior, Animal
Abstract An alleged male foal of a female mule, whose sire and grandparents were unknown, was identified for its pedigree. Parentage testing was conducted by comparing polymorphism of 12 microsatellite DNA sites and mitochondrial D-loop sequences of the male foal and the female mule. Both the sequence analysis of species-specific DNA fragments and a cytogenetic analysis were performed to identify the species of the foal and its parents. The results showed that the alleged female mule is actually a hinny, and the male foal, which possesses 62 chromosomes, qualifies as an offspring of the female hinny and a jack donkey.
Address Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0931-2668 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17177697 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1846
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