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Author |
Hasumi, H. |
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Title |
Kinetic studies on isomerization of ferricytochrome c in alkaline and acid pH ranges by the circular dichroism stopped-flow method |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
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Volume |
626 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages  |
265-276 |
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Keywords |
Circular Dichroism; *Cytochrome c Group; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics; Spectrophotometry |
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Abstract |
The isomerization of horse-heart ferricytochrome c caused by varying pH was kinetically studied by using circular dichroism (CD) and optical absorption stopped-flow techniques. In the pH range of 7--13, the existence of the three different forms of ferricytochrome c (pH less than 10, pH 10--12, and pH greater than 12) was indicated from the statistical difference CD spectra. On the basis of analyses of the stopped-flow traces in the near-ultraviolet and Soret wavelength regions, the isomerization of ferricytochrome c from neutral form to the above three alkaline forms was interpreted as follows (1) below pH 10, the replacement of the intrinsic ligand of methionine residue by lysine residue occurs; (2) between pH 10 and 12, the uncoupling of the polypeptide chain from close proximity of the heme group occurs first, followed by the interconversion of the intrinsic ligands; and (3) above pH 12, hydroxide form of ferricytochrome c is formed, though the replacement of the intrinsic ligand by extrinsic ligands may occur via different routes from those below pH 12. The CD changes at 288 nm and in the Soret region caused by the pH-jump (down) from pH 6.0 to 1.6 were compared with the appearance of the 620-nm absorption band ascribed to the formation of the high-spin form of ferricytochrome c. Both CD and absorption changes indicated that the isomerization at pH 1.6 consisted of two processes: one proceeded within the dead-time (about 2 ms) of the stopped-flow apparatus and the other proceeded at a determinable rate with the apparatus. On the basis of these results, the isomerization of ferricytochrome c at pH 1.6 was explained as follows: (1) the transition from the low-spin form to the high-spin forms occurs within about 2 ms, the dead-time of the stopped-flow apparatus; and (2) the polypeptide chain is unfolded after the formation of the high-spin form. |
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0006-3002 |
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PMID:6260152 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3876 |
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Author |
Niekerk Van Hp, |
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Title |
Ethological studies within the man |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J South Afr Vet Assoc 51 |
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237-238 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1418 |
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Author |
van Niekerk, H.P. |
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Title |
Ethological studies within the man-horse relationship |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J S Afr Vet Assoc |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
237-238 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Hearing; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Smell; Taste; Touch; Vision |
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Certain aspects of ethology and the horse's senses are discussed to bring about a better understanding between man and horse. Furthermore the behaviour of horses with respect to housing, feeding, breeding, veterinary treatment and work are considered. |
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1019-9128 |
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PMID:7241494 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1960 |
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Author |
CREGIER SE |
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Title |
Alleviating road transit stress on horses. |
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Journal Article |
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1980 |
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Anim Regul Stud |
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3 |
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223-227 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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996 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
Die soziale Organisation freilebender Equiden |
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1980 |
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Equus |
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2/1 |
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128-131 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1314 |
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Author |
WOLSKI TR et al, |
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Title |
Teh role of the senses in mare – foal recognition |
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Year |
1980 |
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Appl Anim Ethol |
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6 |
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121-138 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1718 |
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Keiper Rr, K.M. |
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Title |
Nocturnal activity patterns of feral ponies |
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Journal Article |
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1980 |
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J Mammal |
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61 |
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116-118 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1259 |
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Keiper, R.R.; Keenan, M.A. |
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Title |
Nocturnal activity patterns of feral horses |
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1980 |
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J. Mammal |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Mammal |
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61 |
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116-118 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2311 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Review of some research areas of applied and theoretical interest in domestic animal behavior |
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1980 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
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6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
111-119 |
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There are numerous areas worthy of study in the field of domestic animal behavior or applied ethology. In this paper a few areas are offerred as particularly worthy of attention. These areas are worthwhile either because they have received little or no study and are of basic interest or because they have application to current problems of livestock production. The study of cat behavior falls in the former category. Neither the food and water sources, the reproductive success rate nor even the social interactions of cats in the large populations found in both rural and urban environments are known. Pigs as a species have already been the subjects of many behavior studies; nevertheless, there are still gaps in our knowledge of the underlying principles of swine behavior. The physiological basis of maternal behavior, for example, has not been studied in swine or in any domestic species. The sensory basis of udder location by the neonatal piglet deserves study also. Some aspects of olfactory and vocal communication of pigs have been studied, but only one of what may be a large number of pheromones of pigs has been chemically identified. The message conveyed by the vocal interactions between adult swine of the same sex is unknown, as is the role of facial and postural expressions in porcine communication. The two major problems of pig behavior under conditions of intensive livestock management are tail biting and reproductive failure. The application of behavioral techniques to these problems might help to attenuate those problems as well as broaden our understanding of normal pig behavior. Horse behavior has also been a relatively neglected field of study. Of particular interest is the significance of the flehmen gesture used by both mares and stallions in a variety of situations. Flehmen may be related to the function of the vomeronasal organ, but both observational and physiological studies should be performed to verify the hypothesis. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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508 |
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Author |
Bradley, B.L. |
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Title |
Animal flavor types and their specific uses in compound feeds by species and age |
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1980 |
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Fortschritte in der Tierphysiologie und Tierernahrung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fortschr Tierphysiol Tierernahr |
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11 |
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110-122 |
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Keywords |
Aging; *Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Energy Intake; *Flavoring Agents; Horses; Poultry; Smell; Species Specificity; Sweetening Agents; Swine; Taste |
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0301-570X |
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PMID:7390352 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4314 |
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