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Author |
Hamilton, W.D. |
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Title |
The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1964 |
Publication |
Journal of Theoretical Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
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7 |
Issue |
1and 2 |
Pages  |
1-52 |
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Keywords |
*Behavior; *Genetics; Humans; *Models, Theoretical |
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Abstract |
A genetical mathematical model is described which allows for interactions between relatives on one another's fitness. Making use of Wright's Coefficient of Relationship as the measure of the proportion of replica genes in a relative, a quantity is found which incorporates the maximizing property of Darwinian fitness. This quantity is named “inclusive fitness”. Species following the model should tend to evolve behaviour such that each organism appears to be attempting to maximize its inclusive fitness. This implies a limited restraint on selfish competitive behaviour and possibility of limited self-sacrifices.
Special cases of the model are used to show (a) that selection in the social situations newly covered tends to be slower than classical selection, (b) how in populations of rather non-dispersive organisms the model may apply to genes affecting dispersion, and (c) how it may apply approximately to competition between relatives, for example, within sibships. Some artificialities of the model are discussed. |
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English |
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0022-5193 |
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PMID:5875341 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5160 |
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Author |
Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; James, R.; Ruxton, G.D.; Franks, N.R. |
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Title |
Collective Memory and Spatial Sorting in Animal Groups |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of Theoretical Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
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Volume |
218 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
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Abstract |
We present a self-organizing model of group formation in three-dimensional space, and use it to investigate the spatial dynamics of animal groups such as fish schools and bird flocks. We reveal the existence of major group-level behavioural transitions related to minor changes in individual-level interactions. Further, we present the first evidence for collective memory in such animal groups (where the previous history of group structure influences the collective behaviour exhibited as individual interactions change) during the transition of a group from one type of collective behaviour to another. The model is then used to show how differences among individuals influence group structure, and how individuals employing simple, local rules of thumb, can accurately change their spatial position within a group (e.g. to move to the centre, the front, or the periphery) in the absence of information on their current position within the group as a whole. These results are considered in the context of the evolution and ecological importance of animal groups. |
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0022-5193 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5310 |
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