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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Berger J, openurl 
  Title Ecology and catastrophic mortality in wild horses: Implantations for interpreting fossil assemblages Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal Science 220  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1403-1404  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 937  
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Author Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages (down) 1402-1405  
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  Abstract Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4241  
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Author Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D. doi  openurl
  Title online material Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages (down) 1402-1405  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1144663 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4242  
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Author Axelrod, R.; Hamilton, W.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The evolution of cooperation Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 211 Issue 4489 Pages (down) 1390-1396  
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  Abstract Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.7466396 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4933  
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Author Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. doi  openurl
  Title Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 234 Issue 4782 Pages (down) 1361-1366  
  Keywords Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception  
  Abstract Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics.  
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  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:3538419 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 349  
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Author Herrmann, E.; Call, J.; Hernandez-Lloreda, M.V.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. doi  openurl
  Title online material Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages (down) 1360-1366  
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  Abstract Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more “general intelligence,” we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4244  
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Author Herrmann, E.; Call, J.; Hernandez-Lloreda, M.V.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. doi  openurl
  Title Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages (down) 1360-1366  
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  Abstract Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more “general intelligence,” we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1146282 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4245  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Janik, V.M. openurl 
  Title Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 289 Issue 5483 Pages (down) 1355-1357  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Dolphins/*physiology; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; *Social Behavior; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually.  
  Address School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Bute Building, Fife KY16 9TS, UK  
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  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10958783 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 550  
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Author Silk, J.B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages (down) 1347-1351  
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  Abstract There is much interest in the evolutionary forces that favored the evolution of large brains in the primate order. The social brain hypothesis posits that selection has favored larger brains and more complex cognitive capacities as a means to cope with the challenges of social life. The hypothesis is supported by evidence that shows that group size is linked to various measures of brain size. But it has not been clear how cognitive complexity confers fitness advantages on individuals. Research in the field and laboratory shows that sophisticated social cognition underlies social behavior in primate groups. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests that the quality of social relationships has measurable fitness consequences for individuals.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1140734 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4239  
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Author Dunbar, R.I.M.; Shultz, S. doi  openurl
  Title Evolution in the Social Brain Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages (down) 1344-1347  
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  Abstract The evolution of unusually large brains in some groups of animals, notably primates, has long been a puzzle. Although early explanations tended to emphasize the brain's role in sensory or technical competence (foraging skills, innovations, and way-finding), the balance of evidence now clearly favors the suggestion that it was the computational demands of living in large, complex societies that selected for large brains. However, recent analyses suggest that it may have been the particular demands of the more intense forms of pairbonding that was the critical factor that triggered this evolutionary development. This may explain why primate sociality seems to be so different from that found in most other birds and mammals: Primate sociality is based on bonded relationships of a kind that are found only in pairbonds in other taxa.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4243  
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