| Records |
| Author |
Briefer, E.F.; Mandel, R.; Maigrot, A.-L.; Briefer Freymond, S.; Bachmann, I.; Hillmann, E. |
| Title |
Perception of emotional valence in horse whinnies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Zoology |
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| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages  |
8 |
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| Abstract |
Non-human animals often produce different types of vocalisations in negative and positive contexts (i.e. different valence), similar to humans, in which crying is associated with negative emotions and laughter is associated with positive ones. However, some types of vocalisations (e.g. contact calls, human speech) can be produced in both negative and positive contexts, and changes in valence are only accompanied by slight structural differences. Although such acoustically graded signals associated with opposite valence have been highlighted in some species, it is not known if conspecifics discriminate them, and if contagion of emotional valence occurs as a result. We tested whether domestic horses perceive, and are affected by, the emotional valence of whinnies produced by both familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics. We measured physiological and behavioural reactions to whinnies recorded during emotionally negative (social separation) and positive (social reunion) situations. |
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1742-9994 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2017 |
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6049 |
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| Author |
Leadbeater, E. |
| Title |
What evolves in the evolution of social learning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zool |
| Volume |
295 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
4-11 |
| Keywords |
social learning; associative learning; social information use |
| Abstract |
Social learning is fundamental to social life across the animal kingdom, but we still know little about how natural selection has shaped social learning abilities on a proximate level. Sometimes, complex social learning phenomena can be entirely explained by Pavlovian processes that have little to do with the evolution of sociality. This implies that the ability to learn socially could be an exaptation, not an adaptation, to social life but not that social learning abilities have been left untouched by natural selection. I discuss new empirical evidence for associative learning in social information use, explain how natural selection might facilitate the associative learning process and discuss why such studies are changing the way that we think about social learning. |
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1469-7998 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6015 |
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| Author |
Klingel, H. |
| Title |
Das Verhalten der Pferde (Equidae) |
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Journal Article |
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Handbook of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Handb. o. Zool. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
10 |
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1-68 |
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Walter De Gruyter |
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Berlin/Newyork |
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German English |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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473 |
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| Author |
Kaiser, S.; Hennessy, M.B.; Sachser, N. |
| Title |
Domestication affects the structure, development and stability of biobehavioural profiles |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
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Domestication is an evolutionary process during which the biobehavioural profile (comprising e.g. social and emotional behaviour, cognitive abilities, as well as hormonal stress responses) is substantially reshaped. Using a comparative approach, and focusing mainly on the domestic and wild guinea pig, an established model system for the study of domestication, we review (a) how wild and domestic animals of the same species differ in behaviour, emotion, cognition, and hormonal stress responses, (b) during which phases of life differences in biobehavioural profiles emerge and (c) whether or not animal personalities exist in both the wild and domestic form. Concerning (a), typical changes with domestication include increased courtship, sociopositive and maternal behaviours as well as decreased aggression and attentive behaviour. In addition, domestic animals display more anxiety-like and less risk-taking and exploratory behaviour than the wild form and they show distinctly lower endocrine stress responsiveness. There are no indications, however, that domestic animals have diminished cognitive abilities relative to the wild form. The different biobehavioural profiles of the wild and domestic animals can be regarded as adaptations to the different environmental conditions under which they live, i.e., the natural habitat and artificial man-made housing conditions, respectively. Concerning (b), the comparison of infantile, adolescent and adult wild and domestic guinea pigs shows that the typical biobehavioural profile of the domestic form is already present during early phases of life, that is, during early adolescence and weaning. Thus, differences between the domestic and the wild form can be attributed to genetic alterations resulting from artificial selection, and likely to environmental influences during the pre- and perinatal phase. Interestingly, the frequency of play behaviour does not differ between the domestic and wild form early in life, but is significantly higher in domesticated guinea pigs at later ages. Concerning (c), there is some evidence that personalities occur in both wild and domestic animals. However, there may be differences in which behavioural domains – social and sexual behaviour, emotionality, stress-responsiveness – are consistent over time. These differences are probably due to changing selection pressures during domestication. |
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1742-9994 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kaiser2015 |
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5975 |
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GONÇALVES DA SILVA, A.; CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, A.; ZAVADA, M.S. |
| Title |
On tapir ecology, evolution and conservation: what we know and future perspectives–part II |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Integrative Zoology |
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8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-3 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1749-4877 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6141 |
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Sigurjonsdottir, H.; Thorhallsdottir, A.; Hafthorsdottir, H.; Granquist S. |
| Title |
The Behaviour of Stallions in a Semiferal Herd in Iceland: Time Budgets, Home Ranges, and Interactions |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal of Zoology |
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2012 |
Issue |
Article ID 162982 |
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A permanent herd of Icelandic horses with four stallions and their harems was studied for a total of 316 hours in a large pasture (215 ha) in May 2007 in Iceland. Interactions between stallions of different harems and other aspects of the horses' behaviour were studied. One stallion and nine horses were introduced into the pasture prior to the study to examine the reactions of the resident stallions to a newcomer. The stallions spent significantly less time grazing than other horses and were more vigilant. Home ranges overlapped, but harems never mixed. The stallions prevented interactions between members of different harems indirectly by herding. Generally, interactions between resident stallions were nonviolent. However, encounters with the introduced stallion were more aggressive and more frequent than between the other stallions. Here, we show that four harems can share the same enclosure peacefully. The social network seems to keep aggression at a low level both within the harems and the herd as a whole. We encourage horse owners to consider the feasibility of keeping their horses in large groups because of low aggression and because such a strategy gives the young horses good opportunities to develop normally, both physically and socially. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5823 |
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