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| Author | Bergmann, H.H.; Klaus, S.; Muller, F.; Wiesner, J. | ||||
| Title | [Individuality and type specificity in the songs of a population of hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae)] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages  |
94-114 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Birds; Female; *Individuality; Male; Time Factors; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Individualitat und Artspezifitat in den Gesangsstrophen einer Population des Haselhuhns (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae) | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0005-7959 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1191217 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4152 | ||
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| Author | Thiel, D.; Jenni-Eiermann, S.; Palme, R. | ||||
| Title | Measuring corticosterone metabolites in droppings of capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume | 1046 | Issue | Pages |
96-108 | |
| Keywords | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/administration & dosage/analysis/metabolism; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Corticosterone/administration & dosage/*analysis/*metabolism; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Freezing; Galliformes/*metabolism; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium/diagnostic use | ||||
| Abstract | The capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), the largest grouse species in the world, is decreasing in numbers in major parts of its distribution range. Disturbances by human outdoor activities are discussed as a possible reason for this population decline. An indicator for disturbances is the increase of the glucocorticoid corticosterone, a stress hormone, which helps to cope with life-threatening situations. However, repeated disturbances might result in a long-term increase of the basal corticosterone concentration, which can result in detrimental effects like reduced fitness and survival of an animal. To measure corticosterone metabolites (CMs) noninvasively in the droppings of free-living capercaillies, first an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in captive birds had to be selected and validated. Therefore, the excretion pattern of intravenously injected radiolabeled corticosterone was determined and 3H metabolites were characterized. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations of the samples containing peak concentrations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized. The HPLC fractions were tested in several EIAs for glucocorticoid metabolites. The physiological relevance of this method was proved after pharmacological stimulation of the adrenocortical activity. Only the recently established cortisone assay, measuring CMs with a 3,11-dione structure, detected an expressed increase of concentrations following ACTH stimulation. To set up a sampling protocol suited for the field, we examined the influence of various storage conditions and time of day on concentrations of CMs. | ||||
| Address | Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. dominik.thiel@vogelwarte.ch | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0077-8923 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16055846 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4079 | ||
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| Author | Clement, T.S.; Feltus, J.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | “Work ethic” in pigeons: reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Psychonomic bulletin & review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
100-106 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Reward; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Stimuli associated with less effort or with shorter delays to reinforcement are generally preferred over those associated with greater effort or longer delays to reinforcement. However, the opposite appears to be true of stimuli that follow greater effort or longer delays. In training, a simple simultaneous discrimination followed a single peck to an initial stimulus (S+FR1 S-FR1) and a different simple simultaneous discrimination followed 20 pecks to the initial stimulus (S+FR20 S-FR20). On test trials, pigeons preferred S+FR20 over S+FR1 and S-FR20 over S-FR1. These data support the view that the state of the animal immediately prior to presentation of the discrimination affects the value of the reinforcement that follows it. This contrast effect is analogous to effects that when they occur in humans have been attributed to more complex cognitive and social factors. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1069-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10780022 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 248 | ||
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| Author | Hodgson, D.; Howe, S.; Jeffcott, L.; Reid, S.; Mellor, D.; Higgins, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of prolonged use of altrenogest on behaviour in mares | Type | |||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) | Abbreviated Journal | Vet J |
| Volume | 169 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
113-115 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Anabolic Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Body Constitution/drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; *Doping in Sports; Female; Horses/*physiology; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Time Factors; Trenbolone/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | Erratum in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):321. Corrected and republished in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):322-5. Oral administration of altrenogest for oestrus suppression in competition horses is believed to be widespread in some equestrian disciplines, and can be administered continuously for several months during a competition season. To examine whether altrenogest has any anabolic or other potential performance enhancing properties that may give a horse an unfair advantage, we examined the effect of oral altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg), given daily for a period of eight weeks, on social hierarchy, activity budget, body-mass and body condition score of 12 sedentary mares. We concluded that prolonged oral administration of altrenogest at recommended dose rates to sedentary mares resulted in no effect on dominance hierarchies, body mass or condition score. |
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| Address | Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Private Mailbag 4, Narellan Delivery Centre, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia. davidh@camden.usyd.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15683772 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 671 | ||
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| Author | Zentall, T.R.; Weaver, J.E.; Clement, T.S. | ||||
| Title | Pigeons group time intervals according to their relative duration | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Psychonomic bulletin & review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
113-117 |
| Keywords | Animals; Columbidae; *Discrimination (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology); Time Factors; Time Perception | ||||
| Abstract | In the present research, we asked whether pigeons tended to judge time intervals not only in terms of their absolute value but also relative to a duration from which they must be discriminated (i.e., longer or shorter). Pigeons were trained on two independent temporal discriminations. In one discrimination, sample durations of 2 and 8 sec were associated with, for example, red and green hue comparisons, respectively, and in the other discrimination, sample durations of 4 and 16 sec were associated with vertical and horizontal line comparisons, respectively. If pigeons are trained on a temporal discrimination and tested with intermediate durations, the subjective midpoint typically occurs close to the geometric mean of the two trained values. The 4- and 8-sec values were selected to be the geometric mean of the two values in the other discrimination. When a 4-sec test sample was presented with the comparisons from the 2- and 8-sec discrimination, the pigeons preferred the comparison associated with the shorter sample. Similarly, when an 8-sec test sample was presented with the comparisons from the 4- and 16-sec discrimination, the pigeons preferred the comparison associated with the longer sample. Thus, a relative grouping effect was found. That is, durations that should have produced indifferent choice were influenced by their relative durations (shorter than or longer than the alternative) during training. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1069-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15116995 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 231 | ||
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| Author | Trim, C.M.; Moore, J.N.; Clark, E.S. | ||||
| Title | Renal effects of dopamine infusion in conscious horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 7 | Pages |
124-128 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/*physiology; Creatinine/blood; Dopamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Kidney/blood supply/*drug effects/physiology; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium/blood; Random Allocation; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects/physiology; Renal Artery/drug effects/physiology/ultrasonography; Sodium/blood; Time Factors; Ultrasonography/methods/veterinary; Urination/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | An ultrasonic flow probe was implanted around a branch of the left renal artery in five horses. The effects of dopamine were studied in the unsedated horses 10 days after surgery. Three experiments, separated by at least two days, were performed in random order on each horse. In two experiments, dopamine was infused intravenously for 60 mins at either 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg bodyweight (bwt)/min. Saline was infused for 60 mins before and after each infusion, and for 180 mins in the third experiment as a control. Renal blood flow increased during administration of dopamine at both dose rates (P = 0.0001). Urine volume increased (P = 0.055), and osmolality decreased (P < 0.05), with infusion of dopamine at 5.0 micrograms/kg bwt/min. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly affected. Fractional excretions of sodium and potassium were not significantly changed with dopamine infusion. The higher dopamine dose rate was accompanied by dysrhythmias in some horses. | ||||
| Address | Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | PMID:9118094 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 99 | ||
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| Author | Hemelrijk, C.K.; Wantia, J. | ||||
| Title | Individual variation by self-organisation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
125-136 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Female; Humans; *Individuality; Male; Models, Psychological; Sex Characteristics; *Social Dominance; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we show that differences in dominance and spatial centrality of individuals in a group may arise through self-organisation. Our instrument is a model, called DomWorld, that represents two traits that are often found in animals, namely grouping and competing. In this model individual differences grow under the following conditions: (1) when the intensity of aggression increases and grouping becomes denser, (2) when the degree of sexual dimorphism in fighting power increases. In this case the differences among females compared to males grow too, (3) when, upon encountering another individual, the tendency to attack is 'obligate' and not conditional, namely 'sensitive to risks'. Results resemble phenomena described for societies of primates, mice, birds and pigs. | ||||
| Address | Theoretical Biology, University of Groningen, NN Haren, The Netherlands. hemelrij@ifi.unizh.ch | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0149-7634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15652260 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 443 | ||
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| Author | Donnelly, J.; Phipps, L.P.; Watkins, K.L. | ||||
| Title | Evidence of maternal antibodies to Babesia equi and B caballi in foals of seropositive mares | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
126-128 |
| Keywords | Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Babesia/*immunology; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Horses/*immunology; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Male; Time Factors | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7084196 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2280 | ||
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| Author | Williams, J.L.; Friend, T.H.; Collins, M.N.; Toscano, M.J.; Sisto-Burt, A.; Nevill, C.H. | ||||
| Title | Effects of imprint training procedure at birth on the reactions of foals at age six months | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
127-132 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Female; Handling (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; Humans; *Imprinting (Psychology); Male; Random Allocation; Socialization; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: While imprint training procedures have been promoted in popular magazines, they have received limited scientific investigation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a neonatal imprint training procedure on 6-month-old foals and to determine if any one session had a greater effect than others. METHODS: Foals (n = 131) were divided into the following treatments: no imprint training, imprint training at birth, 12, 24 and 48 h after birth or imprint training only at birth, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h after birth. Foals then received minimal human handling until they were tested at 6 months. RESULTS: During training, time to complete exposure to the stimulus was significant for only 2 of 6 stimuli. Percentage change in baseline heart rate was significant for only 2 of 10 stimuli. These 4 effects were randomly spread across treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the number of imprint training sessions (0, 1, or 4) nor the timing of imprint training sessions (none, birth, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h after birth) influenced the foal's behaviour at 6 months of age. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this study, imprint training did not result in better behaved, less reactive foals. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Science, 2471 TAMUS, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77845-2471, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12638787 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1908 | |||
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| Author | Boissevain, I. | ||||
| Title | [Animal and human rights in installments] | Type | |||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde | Abbreviated Journal | Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |
| Volume | 132 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
132 |
| Keywords | Animals; Clinical Competence/*standards; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Humans; Netherlands; Time Factors; Veterinary Medicine/*methods/*standards | ||||
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| Language | Dutch | Summary Language | Original Title | Dierenrechten en mensenrechten in termijnen | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0040-7453 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17366876 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4018 | ||
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