| Records |
| Author |
Mormède, P.; Andanson, S.; Aupérin, B.; Beerda, B.; Guémené, D.; Malmkvist, J.; Manteca, X.; Manteuffel, G.; Prunet, P.; van Reenen, C.G.; Richard, S.; Veissier, I. |
| Title |
Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages  |
317-339 |
| Keywords |
Stress; Animal welfare; HPA axis; Glucocorticoid hormones; Acth; Dexamethasone suppression test; Cattle; Pig; Fur animals; Mink; Fox; Poultry; Fish |
| Abstract |
Measuring HPA axis activity is the standard approach to the study of stress and welfare in farm animals. Although the reference technique is the use of blood plasma to measure glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol or corticosterone), several alternative methods such as the measurement of corticosteroids in saliva, urine or faeces have been developed to overcome the stress induced by blood sampling itself. In chronic stress situations, as is frequently the case in studies about farm animal welfare, hormonal secretions are usually unchanged but dynamic testing allows the demonstration of functional changes at several levels of the system, including the sensitization of the adrenal cortex to ACTH and the resistance of the axis to feedback inhibition by corticosteroids (dexamethasone suppression test). Beyond these procedural aspects, the main pitfall in the use of HPA axis activity is in the interpretation of experimental data. The large variability of the system has to be taken into consideration, since corticosteroid hormone secretion is usually pulsatile, follows diurnal and seasonal rhythms, is influenced by feed intake and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, age and physiological state, just to cite the main sources of variation. The corresponding changes reflect the important role of glucocorticoid hormones in a number of basic physiological processes such as energy metabolism and central nervous system functioning. Furthermore, large differences have been found across species, breeds and individuals, which reflect the contribution of genetic factors and environmental influences, especially during development, in HPA axis functioning. Usually, these results will be integrated with data from behavioral observation, production and pathology records in a comprehensive approach of farm animal welfare. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4454 |
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| Author |
De Moraes Ferrari,E. A.; Todorov, J. C. |
| Title |
Concurrent avoidance of shocks by pigeons pecking a key |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav. |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
329-333 |
| Keywords |
concurrent schedules, unsignaled avoidance, negative reinforcement, key pecking, pigeon |
| Abstract |
Three pigeons were studied on concurrent, unsignaled, avoidance schedules in a two-key procedure. Shock-shock intervals were two seconds in both schedules. The response-shock interval on one key was always 22 seconds, while the response-shock interval associated with the other key was varied from 7 to 52 seconds in different experimental conditions. Response rates on the key associated with the varied schedule tended to decrease when the response-shock interval length was increased. Responding on the key associated with the constant schedule was not systematically affected. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3586 |
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Forkman, B.; Boissy, A.; Meunier-Salaün, M.-C.; Canali, E.; Jones, R.B. |
| Title |
A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
340-374 |
| Keywords |
Fear; Cattle; Sheep; Pig; Poultry; Horse; Open field; Tonic immobility; Novel object |
| Abstract |
FORKMAN, B., A., BOISSY, M.-C., SALAUN, E., CANALI, AND R.B., JONES. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 000-000, 2007. Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science. |
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0031-9384 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4811 |
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Carlsson, H.-E.; Lyberg, K.; Royo, F.; Hau, J. |
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Quantification of stress sensitive markers in single fecal samples do not accurately predict excretion of these in the pig |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Research in Veterinary Science |
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82 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
423-428 |
| Keywords |
Cortisol; Immunoglobulin A; Stress; Pigs; Feces; Animal welfare |
| Abstract |
All feces produced during 24 h were collected from five pigs and cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and IgA were quantified. Within pigs, the concentrations of CICM and IgA varied extensively between random samples obtained from a single fecal dropping, and deviated in most cases significantly from the true concentration measured in total fecal output (CV 6.7–130%). The CICM and IgA contents varied considerably (CV 8.1–114%) within and between individual fecal droppings from the same pig compared to the total fecal excretion. In conclusion, single random samples could not be used to reliably quantify the total fecal concentration or excretion of CICM or IgA in pigs. Analyses of all feces collected during shorter periods than 24 h did not provide an accurate estimate of the daily excretion of CICM. Thus, the concentration of stress sensitive molecules in random single fecal samples as an indicator of animal welfare should be interpreted with prudence. |
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0034-5288 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5853 |
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Güntürkün, O.; Kesch, S. |
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Visual lateralization during feeding in pigeons |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Neurosci. |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
433-435 |
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use of right vs left eye, amount & accuracy of pecking in food discrimination task, homing pigeons, implications for lateralization of cerebral function |
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In a quasi-natural feeding situation, adult pigeons had to detect and consume 30 food grains out of about 1,000 pebbles of similar shape, size, and color within 30 s under monocular conditions. With the right eye seeing, the animals achieved a significantly higher discrimination accuracy and, consequently, a significantly higher proportion of grains grasped than with the left eye seeing. This result supports previous demonstrations of a left-hemisphere dominance for visually guided behavior in birds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
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US: American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1987-30501-001 |
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5588 |
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Jordan, J. |
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[Modern views on the structure and function of the vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ in mammals] |
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Journal Article |
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1970 |
Publication |
Otolaryngologia Polska. The Polish Otolaryngology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Otolaryngol Pol |
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24 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
457-462 |
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Animals; Cats; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Horses; Humans; Mice; Nasal Septum/anatomy & histology/blood supply/cytology/innervation/physiology; Nose/*anatomy & histology/blood supply/innervation/*physiology; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Smell |
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Polish |
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Obecne poglady na budowe i czynnosc narzadu lemieszowo-nosowego (Jacobsona) u ssakow |
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0030-6657 |
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PMID:4918960 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4315 |
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Rumiantsev, S.N. |
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[Biological function of Clostridium tetani toxin (ecological and evolutionary aspects)] |
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Journal Article |
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1973 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol |
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9 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
474-480 |
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Animals; Cats; Chickens; Dogs; Ecology; Evolution; Goats; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Horses; Insectivora; Mice; Perissodactyla; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; *Tetanus Toxin |
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Russian |
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K voprosu biologicheskoi funktsii toksina Clostridium tetani (ekologicheskie i evolutsionnye aspekty |
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0044-4529 |
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PMID:4203684 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2713 |
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Mirzaeva, A.G. |
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[Age makeup of female Culicoides sinanoensis Tok. in the coniferous-broad-leaved forest zone of the southern Maritime Territory] |
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Journal Article |
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1974 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
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8 |
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6 |
Pages |
524-530 |
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Age Factors; Animals; *Ceratopogonidae/physiology; Corpus Luteum/physiology; Ecology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Ovulation; Pigments, Biological/physiology; Seasons; Siberia; Trees |
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Russian |
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Vozrastnoi sostav samok Culicoides sinanoensis Tok. v zone khvoino-shirokolistvennykh lesov Iuzhnogo Primor'ia |
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0031-1847 |
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PMID:4449654 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2707 |
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Yokoyama, S.; Radlwimmer, F.B. |
| Title |
The molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
| Volume |
153 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
919-932 |
| Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; COS Cells; Cats; Color Perception/*genetics; DNA Primers; Deer; Dolphins; *Evolution, Molecular; Goats; Guinea Pigs; Horses; Humans; Mammals/*genetics/physiology; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Opsin/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics; *Phylogeny; Rabbits; Rats; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sciuridae; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transfection |
| Abstract |
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cDNAs of cat (Felis catus), horse (Equus caballus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). These opsins were expressed in COS1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. The purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have lambdamax values at 553, 545, 532, 531, and 516 nm, respectively, which are precise to within +/-1 nm. We also regenerated the “true” red pigment of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which has a lambdamax value at 559 +/- 4 nm. Multiple linear regression analyses show that S180A, H197Y, Y277F, T285A, and A308S shift the lambdamax values of the red and green pigments in mammals toward blue by 7, 28, 7, 15, and 16 nm, respectively, and the reverse amino acid changes toward red by the same extents. The additive effects of these amino acid changes fully explain the red-green color vision in a wide range of mammalian species, goldfish, American chameleon (Anolis carolinensis), and pigeon (Columba livia). |
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Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA. syokoyam@mailbox.syr.edu |
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English |
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0016-6731 |
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PMID:10511567 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4063 |
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Broom, D.M.; Sena, H.; Moynihan, K.L. |
| Title |
Pigs learn what a mirror image represents and use it to obtain information |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1037-1041 |
| Keywords |
awareness; cognition; learning; mirror; pig; Sus scrofa |
| Abstract |
Mirror usage has been taken to indicate some degree of awareness in animals. Can pigs, Sus scrofa, obtain information from a mirror? When put in a pen with a mirror in it, young pigs made movements while apparently looking at their image. After 5 h spent with a mirror, the pigs were shown a familiar food bowl, visible in the mirror but hidden behind a solid barrier. Seven out of eight pigs found the food bowl in a mean of 23 s by going away from the mirror and around the barrier. Naïve pigs shown the same looked behind the mirror. The pigs were not locating the food bowl by odour, did not have a preference for the area where the food bowl was and did not go to that area when the food bowl was visible elsewhere. To use information from a mirror and find a food bowl, each pig must have observed features of its surroundings, remembered these and its own actions, deduced relationships among observed and remembered features and acted accordingly. This ability indicates assessment awareness in pigs. The results may have some effects on the design of housing conditions for pigs and may lead to better pig welfare. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5053 |
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