| Records |
| Author |
WARING GH et al, |
| Title |
The behaviour of horses |
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Book Chapter |
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In: Behaviour of domestic animals |
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330-369 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1698 |
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| Author |
Stammbach, E. |
| Title |
On Social Differentiation in Groups of Captive Female Hamadryas Baboons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
322-338 |
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| Abstract |
The social differentiation in small groups of captive female hamadryas baboons was examined. Two positions could be distinguished: The highest ranking female, denoted as central individual, monopolized nearly all the presenting, mounting and grooming interactions. The lower ranking females, denoted as peripheral individuals, competed for access to the central female. All dyads of a group were arranged in a rank order according to the amount of sociopositive interaction which they reached within the group. This order of prevalence of dyads was positively correlated with the sum of dominance ranks of the dyad and the mutual attraction as estimated by choice tests. A multiple rank correlation demonstrated that the influence of the sum of ranks and of mutual attraction were nearly independent. If an individual's relationship to the central female had a higher rank of prevalence than that of its rival, it intervened more often and more successfully when the rival tried to interact with the central female. Interventions served to defend rather than to establish relationships. The results are compared with other studies that discuss basic principles governing structuring processes in nonhuman primate groups. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5248 |
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| Author |
Beauchamp, G. |
| Title |
Individual Differences In Activity And Exploration Influence Leadership In Pairs Of Foraging Zebra Finches |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
137 |
Issue |
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Pages |
301-314 |
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| Abstract |
This study investigated the role of dominance and level of activity and exploration on leadership in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) searching for food. In pairs of zebra finches fairly matched in size and that experienced the same level of food deprivation, the same bird consistently reached first one foraging patch over several trials. The same pattern of arrival to food occurred when resources were provided in two distant patches available concurrently, a situation that would potentially allow subordinates a greater access to resources. In further testing, the formation of new pairs with the same birds led to several changes in leadership, indicating that leadership is not an absolute feature. The member of a pair that proved to be the most active and exploratory during independent, solitary trials became the leader in nearly all pairs tested. The same pattern held true in newly rearranged pairs where individuals often experienced changes in dominance status. Dominance failed to be associated with leadership in all tests. The results suggest that in a relatively egalitarian species, level of activity and exploration may be a stronger predictor of leadership than dominance. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4698 |
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| Author |
Schilder, M.B.H. |
| Title |
Dominance relationships between adult Plains zebra stallions in semi – captivity |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
104 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
300-319 |
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| Abstract |
The relationships between 4-5 adult zebra stallions, living in a safari park, were investigated over a period of 5 years. Asymmetries in the distributions of a number of behaviours could be explained by adopting dominance as an intervening variable. Dominance in stallions was of a bipolar nature with on the one hand behaviours representing subordinance and defence, and on the other hand behaviours reinforcing and confirming dominance. Expression of formal dominance seems to play a minor role. The dyadic relationships of stallions differed as to the number of behaviours reflecting dominance relationships. Although often linear rank-orders could be constructed, these rank-orders were not necessarily identical. This means that the concept of dominance is of only limited value for describing relationships between zebra stallions. |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
1564 |
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| Author |
Appleby, M.C. |
| Title |
Social Rank and Food Access in Red Deer Stags |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
74 |
Issue |
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Pages |
294-309 |
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The behaviour of a free-living group of male red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland, was studied throughout the year to investigate the relations between social dominance and food access. The study is based on the collection of agonistic interactions between members of the study group outside the rutting season. Analysis of these confirmed that dyadic dominance relationships summate to a very clear agonistic hierarchy, while seasonal changes in frequency and type of interactions suggested that rank in the hierarchy may affect access to food through direct feeding interference. This would constitute a selective advantage of the acquisition of high rank. A behaviour pattern in which a stag displaces a subordinate and takes over his feeding-site is proposed as a mechanism of direct feeding interference. It occurs throughout the year, but with a frequency closely related to changes in food availability and quality. The proportion of such interactions that an individual wins is related to his rank, so advantages gained from this behaviour would primarily benefit high-ranking stags. These are likely to consist of improved body condition and winter survival. The importance of high rank in obtaining access to limited food was supported by the results of a simple experiment providing a small area of fertilized grass. Most of the grazing in the area was due to the highest-ranking stag present at any time. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4860 |
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| Author |
Griffin, A.S. |
| Title |
Socially acquired predator avoidance: Is it just classical conditioning? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Brain Research Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Special Issue:Brain Mechanisms, Cognition and Behaviour in Birds |
| Volume |
76 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
264-271 |
| Keywords |
Learning; Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning; Social learning; Ecological specialization; General process theory; Ecology; Predation; Backward conditioning |
| Abstract |
Associative learning theories presume the existence of a general purpose learning process, the structure of which does not mirror the demands of any particular learning problem. In contrast, learning scientists working within an Evolutionary Biology tradition believe that learning processes have been shaped by ecological demands. One potential means of exploring how ecology may have modified properties of acquisition is to use associative learning theory as a framework within which to analyse a particular learning phenomenon. Recent work has used this approach to examine whether socially transmitted predator avoidance can be conceptualised as a classical conditioning process in which a novel predator stimulus acts as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and acquires control over an avoidance response after it has become associated with alarm signals of social companions, the unconditioned stimulus (US). I review here a series of studies examining the effect of CS/US presentation timing on the likelihood of acquisition. Results suggest that socially acquired predator avoidance may be less sensitive to forward relationships than traditional classical conditioning paradigms. I make the case that socially acquired predator avoidance is an exciting novel one-trial learning paradigm that could be studied along side fear conditioning. Comparisons between social and non-social learning of danger at both the behavioural and neural level may yield a better understanding of how ecology might shape properties and mechanisms of learning. |
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0361-9230 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4697 |
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Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
| Title |
Reconciliation and redirected aggression in vervet monkeys, Behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
110 |
Issue |
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Pages |
258-275 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4865 |
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| Author |
Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I. |
| Title |
Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
252-268 |
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*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors |
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English |
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0005-7959 |
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PMID:1035107 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4151 |
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| Author |
Altmann, J. |
| Title |
Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
49 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
227-266 |
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Seven major types of sampling for observational studies of social behavior have been found in the literature. These methods differ considerably in their suitability for providing unbiased data of various kinds. Below is a summary of the major recommended uses of each technique: In this paper, I have tried to point out the major strengths and weaknesses of each sampling method. Some methods are intrinsically biased with respect to many variables, others to fewer. In choosing a sampling method the main question is whether the procedure results in a biased sample of the variables under study. A method can produce a biased sample directly, as a result of intrinsic bias with respect to a study variable, or secondarily due to some degree of dependence (correlation) between the study variable and a directly-biased variable. In order to choose a sampling technique, the observer needs to consider carefully the characteristics of behavior and social interactions that are relevant to the study population and the research questions at hand. In most studies one will not have adequate empirical knowledge of the dependencies between relevant variables. Under the circumstances, the observer should avoid intrinsic biases to whatever extent possible, in particular those that direcly affect the variables under study. Finally, it will often be possible to use more than one sampling method in a study. Such samples can be taken successively or, under favorable conditions, even concurrently. For example, we have found it possible to take Instantaneous Samples of the identities and distances of nearest neighbors of a focal individual at five or ten minute intervals during Focal-Animal (behavior) Samples on that individual. Often during Focal-Animal Sampling one can also record All Occurrences of Some Behaviors, for the whole social group, for categories of conspicuous behavior, such as predation, intergroup contact, drinking, and so on. The extent to which concurrent multiple sampling is feasible will depend very much on the behavior categories and rate of occurrence, the observational conditions, etc. Where feasible, such multiple sampling can greatly aid in the efficient use of research time. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4684 |
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| Author |
Jarman, P.J . |
| Title |
The social behaviour of antelope in relation to their ecology |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1-4 |
Pages |
213-267 |
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The types of social organisation displayed by the African antelope species have been assigned in this paper to five classes, distinguished largely by the strategies used by the reproductively active males in securing mating rights, and the effects of those strategies on other social castes. The paper attempts to show that these strategies are appropriate to each class because of the effects of other, ecological, aspects of their ways of life. The paper describes different feeding styles among antelope, in terms of selection of food items and coverage of home ranges. It argues that these feeding styles bear a relationship to maximum group size of feeding animals through the influence of dispersion of food items upon group cohesion. The feeding styles also bear a relationship to body size and to habitat choice, both of which influence the antelope species' antipredator behaviour. Thus feeding style is related to anti-predator behaviour which, in many species, influences minimum group size. Group size and the pattern of movement over the annual home range affect the likelihood of females being found in a given place at a given time, and it is this likelihood which, to a large extent, determines the kind of strategy a male must employ to achieve mating rights. The effects of the different strategies employed by males can be seen in such aspects of each species' biology as sexual dimorphism, adult sex ratio, and differential distribution of the sexes. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4264 |
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