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Author |
Monard, A.-M.; Duncan, P. |
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Title |
Consequences of natal dispersal in female horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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52 |
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3 |
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565-579 |
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Social, genetic and reproductive consequences of natal dispersal were investigated in female horses,Equus caballus, living in a herd with a natural social structure. Dispersal did not as a rule reduce the level of competition the young mares faced: they did not selectively join groups with fewer resident females than the groups they left, and they did not attain higher ranks; there was also no tendency for females to disperse to groups with the fewest resident females, and they suffered more aggression from the mares in their new groups than in their natal groups. These results therefore do not support the hypothesis that a function of natal dispersal is to reduce intra-sexual competition. The young mares nevertheless dispersed non-randomly, generally joining harems with one stallion and at least two subadult females; and they preferred to move to groups with familiar females but no familiar males. As a result, most were closely related to some females of their new groups, but distantly related or unrelated to the male(s). Since after dispersal the young mares bred only with a male of their new groups, inbreeding coefficients of most (85%) of their offspring were lower than from matings between half siblings. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a function of natal dispersal is to avoid close inbreeding. Dispersal did not appear to involve reproductive costs: the young mares suffered no delay in age at first reproduction, and the survival rates of their first foals tended to be higher if the females had emigrated, although not significantly so. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2386 |
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Author |
Hauser MD; Kralik J; Botto-Mahan C |
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Problem solving and functional design features: experiments on cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus oedipus |
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1999 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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57 |
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565 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3065 |
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Day, R.L.; Coe, R.L.; Kendal, J.R.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
Neophilia, innovation and social learning: a study of intergeneric differences in callitrichid monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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65 |
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3 |
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559-571 |
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In a comparative study of neophilia, innovation and social attentiveness we exposed individuals in seven callitrichid species, from three genera, to novel extractive foraging tasks. The results revealed consistently shorter response latencies, higher levels of successful and unsuccessful manipulation, and greater attentiveness to the task and to conspecifics inLeontopithecus (lion tamarins) than in both Saguinus (tamarins) and Callithrix (marmosets). This is consistent with the hypothesis that species dependent upon manipulative and explorative foraging tend to be less neophobic and more innovative than other species. Furthermore, Callithrix appeared to be less neophobic than Saguinus; ifCallithrix is regarded as the greater specialist, this result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that neophobia is associated with foraging specialization. We consider the relevance of our findings to taxonomic relationships, and to technical and Machiavellian intelligence hypotheses and discuss the implications for captive breeding and reintroduction strategies.Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6035 |
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Mesterton-Gibbons, M.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
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Cooperation and the Prisoner's Dilemma: towards testable models of mutualism versus reciprocity |
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1997 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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54 |
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3 |
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551-557 |
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For the purpose of distinguishing between mutualism and reciprocity in nature, recent work on the evolution of cooperation has both oversimplifed and undersimplified the distinction between these two categories of cooperation. This article addresses the resulting issues of model testability, clarifies the role of time and argues that the category of `pseudo-reciprocity' is an unnecessary complication. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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480 |
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Lefebvre, L.; Whittle, P.; Lascaris, E.; Finkelstein, A. |
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Title |
Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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53 |
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3 |
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549-560 |
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The links between ecology, behavioural plasticity and brain size are often tested via the comparative method. Given the problems in interpretating comparative tests of learning and cognition, however, alternative measures of plasticity need to be developed. From the short notes section of nine ornithological journals, two separate, exhaustive data sets have been collated on opportunistic foraging innovations in birds of North America (1973-1993;N=196) and the British Isles (1983-1993;N=126). Both the absolute and relative frequencies (corrected for species number per order) of innovations differ between bird orders in a similar fashion in the two geographical zones. Absolute and relative frequency of innovations per order are also related to two measures of relative forebrain size in the two zones. The study confirms predicted trends linking opportunism, brain size and rate of structural evolution. It also suggests that innovation rate in the field may be a useful measure of behavioural plasticity. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4740 |
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Fawcett, T.W.; Skinner, A.M.J.; Goldsmith, A.R. |
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A test of imitative learning in starlings using a two-action method with an enhanced ghost control |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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64 |
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4 |
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547-556 |
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Imitative learning, in which an individual learns to reproduce the behaviour pattern of another, has attracted considerable attention as a potentially powerful form of social learning. Despite extensive research, however, it has proved difficult to demonstrate in nonhuman animals. We investigated the ability of European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, to imitate the behaviour of a conspecific. Subjects watched a trained conspecific manipulating a plug for access to a food reward, using either a pushing or a pulling action. When later tested with the same apparatus these birds completed the task using the same action they had previously observed. In a second experiment, a separate group of starlings saw the plug move upwards or downwards automatically and a nearby conspecific obtain a food reward. When given access to the task these starlings failed to move the plug in the direction they had seen. Our experiment is an improvement on previous bidirectional control designs and provides strong evidence that starlings are capable of imitation. We advocate further use of this experimental design in attempts to demonstrate imitative learning. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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2102 |
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Author |
Galef, B. G. JR; White, D.J. |
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Title |
Mate-choice copying in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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55 |
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3 |
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545-552 |
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1814 |
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Barnard, C.J.; Sibly, R.M. |
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Producers and scroungers: A general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows |
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1981 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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29 |
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2 |
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543-550 |
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Many forms of interaction within and between species appear to be based on `scrounger' individuals or species exploiting a limited resource provided `producers'. A mathematical model is presented which shows whether or not scroungers are maintained in a group, depending on their frequency and the group size. Some of the predictions of the model were tested in captive flocks of house sparrows Passer domesticus L. Here the scroungers obtained most of their food (mealworms) by interaction and the producers found most of their food by actively foraging: the pay-off to each type was measured as mealworm capture rate. Neither type changed strategy opportunistically in response to instantaneous flock composition but, not surprisingly, scroungers fared better when one of more producers were present. However, scrougers did much worse than expected when greatly outnumbered by producers, perhaps because producers then found the available food very quickly. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4200 |
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Goldschmidt, T.; Bakker, T.C.M.; Feuth-de Bruijn, E. |
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Selective copying in mate choice of female sticklebacks |
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1993 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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45 |
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3 |
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541-547 |
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There is evidence that female three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., prefer to mate with males whose nests contain eggs rather than with males with empty nests. While there is consensus on this point, a dispute exists about whether this preference should be attributed to a direct effect of the eggs on the female's entering the nest or, alternatively, to a positive impact of the eggs on the courtship behaviour and breeding coloration of the male. In the field experiment reported here females strongly preferred nests with eggs over empty nests. Additionally, females were less likely to enter risky nests with eggs: nests that contained fewer eggs than one average clutch or more eggs than the average nest content of parental males in this population. However, in the field possible differences in male attractiveness were not controlled for. In supplementary laboratory experiments the effect on female choice of possible changes in male attractiveness (intensified courtship and coloration) as a result of the presence of eggs in the nest was tested. Other differences in male attractiveness as a result of differences in male quality (body size, breeding coloration before the test, territory quality and size) were controlled for. When females had no access to the nests, they showed no preference for males with eggs in their nests in simultaneous choice tests. These results, together with the earlier published data, make it likely that the preference of females for nests with eggs is partly a direct consequence of the eggs themselves. So female sticklebacks are influenced by the mate choice behaviour of other females, but remain selective as to the actual nest content. |
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1818 |
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Wells, D.L.; Millsopp, S. |
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Lateralized behaviour in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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78 |
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2 |
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537-541 |
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cat; Felis silvestris catus; handedness; laterality; paw preference |
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Lateralized behaviour in the felids has been subject to little investigation. We examined the paw use of 42 domestic cats on three tasks designed to determine whether the animals performed asymmetrical motor behaviour. The influence of the cats' sex and age on their paw preferences was also explored. The distribution of the cats' paw preferences differed significantly between the three tasks. Task 1, the most complex exercise involving retrieval of a food treat from an empty jar, encouraged the most apparent display of lateralized behaviour, with all but one animal showing a strong preference to use either their left or right paw consistently. Tasks 2 (an exercise involving reaching for a toy suspended overhead) and 3 (a challenge involving reaching for a toy moving along the ground) encouraged ambilateral motor performance. Lateralized behaviour was strongly sex related. Male and female cats showed paw preferences at the level of the population, but in opposite directions. Females had a greater preference for using their right paw; males were more inclined to adopt their left paw. Feline age was unrelated to either strength or direction of preferred paw use. Overall, the findings suggest that there are two distinct populations of paw preference in the cat that cluster strongly around the animals' sex. The results also point to a relationship between lateralized behaviour and task complexity. More apparent patterns of lateralized behaviour were evident on more complex manipulatory tasks, hinting at functional brain specialization in this species. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5377 |
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