|
Cassinello, J., & Pieters, I. (2000). Multi-male captive groups of endangered dama gazelle: Social rank, aggression, and enclosure effects. Zoo Biol., 19(2), 121–129.
Abstract: A study carried out in four multi-male groups of captive dama gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr) characterized the social rank order of males and possible enclosure effects on aggression rate. A strong relationship between rank and age was found. The results also showed that dominant individuals in the two smallest enclosures were more aggressive than their herdmates, suggesting a more stressful environment, which might precipitate unstable or challenged hierarchies when the animals live in a more restricted enclosure. Subordinate males performed submissive responses at a higher frequency, irrespective of the size of the enclosure. The frequency of interactions between the gazelles, on the other hand, was affected by enclosure size, since high-ranking males showed higher values than low-ranking males in the two smallest enclosures. Frequencies of aggressive acts, retreats, and related interactions were similar in all the herds. Implications for the management of the species in captivity are discussed. Zoo Biol 19:121–129, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
|
|
|
Langhavel B,. (1887). Tigerpferde. Zool Jb, 2, 117–126.
|
|
|
Stewart Drm, S. J. (1970). Food preference data analysis for african plains ungulates. Zool Afr, 5, 115–129.
|
|
|
Gijzen A,. (1961). Onagers. Zoo, Antwerpen, 26, 113–117.
|
|
|
GREGORY WK. (1926). The horse in the tiger's skin. Zool Soc Bull, 29, 111–133.
|
|
|
Antonius. O.,. (1938). Zur Rückzüchtung des polnischen Wildpferdes. II. Zool. Garten., 10, 102–107.
|
|
|
Ottaway Cw,. (1961). Aspects of equine and canine locomotion In: Harris JW; Vertebrate Lokomotion. Symp Zool Soc Lond, 5, 101–113.
|
|
|
Antonius O,. (1935). Beobachtungen an Einhufern in Schönbrunn, XIII u. XIV. XIII: Nachträge und Berichtigungen. Zool. Garten., , 100–113.
|
|
|
Rashek Va,. (1964). Reproduction of Kulan, Equus hemionus onager Boddaert in Barsa Kelmes Island (Aral Sea). Vest Ceskos Spolec Zool, 26, 95.
|
|
|
Antonius O,. (1931). Zur genaueren Kenntnis des echten Quaggas. Zool. Garten., 4, 93–115.
|
|