| Records |
| Author |
Hendricks, J.C.; Morrison, A.R. |
| Title |
Normal and abnormal sleep in mammals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
178 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages  |
121-126 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cat Diseases/physiopathology; Cats; Cattle; Dog Diseases/physiopathology; Dogs; Dreams; Horses/physiology; Humans; Narcolepsy/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep/*physiology; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep Disorders/physiopathology/*veterinary; Sleep, REM/physiology |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0003-1488 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Notes |
PMID:7204232 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
101 |
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| Author |
Henning, J.M.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Imitation, social facilitation, and the effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' bar-pressing behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
The American journal of psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Psychol |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
125-134 |
| Keywords |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology; Animals; Conditioning, Operant/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological/drug effects; Imitative Behavior/*drug effects; Male; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology; Rats; *Social Facilitation |
| Abstract |
The effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' imitation learning was examined during the acquisition and extinction of a bar-press response for water reinforcement. Rats were exposed to either a bar-pressing conspecific (OB), an experimentally naive conspecific (ON), or an empty box (OE) during bar-press acquisition. In a factorial design, each rat was then exposed to one of the same three conditions during extinction. An 80 mcg dose of ACTH 4-10 was administered to half of the rats in each group prior to observation. Performance differences during acquisition were generally small, but significant performance differences during extinction were found. Social facilitation was indicated by the finding that rats extinguished in the presence of a conspecific exhibited significantly greater resistance to extinction than rats extinguished in the presence of an empty box. An imitation effect was also found. Rats that observed a bar-pressing conspecific during both acquisition and extinction (group OB-OB) showed significantly greater resistance top extinction than did groups OB-ON, CB-OE, or OE-OE. There were no significant effects of the hormone, however, relative to saline controls. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0002-9556 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:6263117 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
267 |
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| Author |
Bernstein, I.S.; Dobrofsky, M. |
| Title |
Compensatory social responses of older pigtailed monkeys to maternal separation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Developmental Psychobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Psychobiol |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
163-168 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Dependency (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina; Male; *Maternal Deprivation; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Thirteen 3-5-year-old pigtailed monkeys were subjected to five 2-hr maternal separations while remaining in their normal social group. Significant changes in activity profiles were noted during separation and reunion phases. This suggests the continued social dependence of older offspring upon the matriarch. The shift in social activities reflected attempts by the juvenile and adolescent subjects to compensate for maternal absence by intensification of other affiliative social behavior and avoidance of potentially socially disruptive situation. The subjects oriented more towards kin in the absence of the matriarch, but actual time with kin decreased. Upon the return of the matriarch, the intensified some responses depressed during her absence and returned to preseparation social relationships. Play and aggressive responses declined whereas social approaches increased during maternal absences. Submissive responses declined upon the return of the matriarch, and play increased. The subjects also showed a marked, temporary increase of direct interaction, largely sniffing and grooming, with the matriarch upon her return. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0012-1630 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:7202854 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4171 |
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| Author |
CLAYTON HM et al, |
| Title |
Some studies of comparative aspects of sexual behaviour in ponies and donkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
App Anim Ethol |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
169-174 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
988 |
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| Author |
Rau Re, |
| Title |
Zur Geschichte und Präparation der Mainzer Quaggas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Mainzer Naturw Archiv |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
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Pages |
221-236 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1498 |
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| Author |
Parker, G.A.; Rubenstein, D.I. |
| Title |
Role assessment, reserve strategy, and acquisition of information in asymmetric animal conflicts |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
221-240 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
It was formerly argued that alternative evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) are possible for animal contests characterized by some asymmetry that can be perceived with perfect accuracy. Where roles A and B refer to the asymmetry between opponents, ESSs are: [`]fight when A, retreat when B', and vice versa. Either can be an ESS, but only if the [`]reserve strategy' (=what an animal does when it fights) is sufficiently damaging. We examine the [`]war of attrition' (winner = opponent that persists longer). In a population at either ESS, reserve strategy is never normally shown; it is therefore subject to drift unless the selective action of rare individuals which break the convention is considered. These could arise either by mutation or by mistakes in role assessment. When mutations and mistakes simply specify that occasionally an animal fights when it [`]should' retreat, selection adjusts reserve strategy to a level where only one ESS (the [`]commonsense' ESS) is possible, if the asymmetry is relevant to payoff. Thus for asymmetries in fighting ability or resource value, the individual with the lower score will retreat. However, we are particularly concerned with cases where both payoff-relevant aspects (fighting ability and resource value) are asymmetric. If opponents sustain contest costs at rates KA and KB, and their resource values are VA and VB, an [`]optimal assessor' strategy defined by the interaction between the two asymmetries, is a unique ESS. It obeys the rule [`]fight on estimating role A, where VA/KA>VB/KB; retreat in B'. If mistakes can occur in both roles, but are very rate, the ESS is not fundamentally altered though there will be infinitesimal tendencies for persisting in role B. Selection to improve assessment abilities intensifies as abilities improve, but is weak if roles A and B are rather similar. Over a range of similarity between roles, an [`]owner wins' convention may be adopted if ownership correlates positively with role A and an individual cannot tell when it would otherwise pay him to break the convention. We also examine a contest in which information about roles can be acquired only during a contest itself, and at a cost. Much depends on the rate at which information is acquired relative to the rate at which costs are expended, and on whether contests normally escalate in intensity, remain at the same level, or de-escalate. Selection favours short contests when costs are high relative to resource value, where the outcome of a round contains much information about fighting ability, and where the actual disparity in fighting ability is large. |
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0003-3472 |
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Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5325 |
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| Author |
HUGHES RD et al, |
| Title |
Interactions between Camague horses and horseflies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Entomol Res 71 |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
227-242 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1210 |
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| Author |
Kaseda Y, |
| Title |
The structure of the groups of Misaki horses in Toi Cape |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Jpn. J Zootech Sci |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
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Pages |
227-235 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1233 |
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| Author |
Hoyt Df, T.C. |
| Title |
Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
292 |
Issue |
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Pages |
239-240 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1205 |
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| Author |
Cambefort, J.P. |
| Title |
A comparative study of culturally transmitted patterns of feeding habits in the chacma baboon Papio ursinus and the vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
243-263 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; *Cercopithecus; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Culture; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Group Structure; Learning; Male; *Papio; Social Class; Teaching |
| Abstract |
Japanese workers have studied social acquisition patterns of new feeding habits in Macaca fuscata which they have termed precultural. The present study investigates the same phenomenon in the chacma baboon and the vervet monkey in their natural habitat. The questions addressed are: (1) How a new feeding habit enters a troop and by which age and sex category, also how it is propagated? (2) When individuals are permitted with a choice between palatable and unpalatable food, can they learn by demonstration only or do they have to pass through a direct learning process? (3) Can the results from the above questions be explained by social parameters such as the social structure of the individual species? It was found that juvenile baboons discover new food and that after the discovery propagation is instantaneous. In vervets discovery is random among the age classes and propagation is slow and takes place through certain 'pivot' individuals. Both species fail to learn about palatability by demonstration but have to go through a direct learning process. This contrasts strongly with the forest baboon Mandrillus sphinx that have been shown to learn by demonstration. Socially, baboon juveniles stay closer to each other than the adults who force them to live at the periphery of the troop. Vervets again forage without precise sub-group formation. The link between social and cultural propagation and social structure is discussed on the basis of these findings. |
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:7319426 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2087 |
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