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| Author | Jolly, A. | ||||
| Title | Pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume | 69 Suppl 1 | Issue | Pages  |
1-13 | |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Evolution; Female; Intelligence; Lemur/*psychology; Male; *Pair Bond; Sex Factors; Social Dominance; Strepsirhini/psychology | ||||
| Abstract | Lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including Papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. Recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the Lemuridae and Indriidae. Three more, Eulemur mongoz, Eulemur fulvus and Varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. The best-known female-bonded societies, those of Lemur catta, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Propithecus verreauxi, may be assemblages of mother-daughter dyads, capable of high aggression towards other females, but derived from more solitary female ancestors, perhaps also living as pairs. The internal structure of such lemur groups differs from the more extensive kin groups of catarrhines. This in turn may relate to the lemurs' level of social intelligence and to lemur female dominance over males. | ||||
| Address | Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, N.J. 08544, USA. ajolly@princeton.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9595685 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4179 | ||
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| Author | Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. | ||||
| Title | Dominance and Leadership: Useful Concepts in Human-Horse Interactions? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | Proceedings of the 2017 Equine Science Symposium |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | Pages |
1-9 | |
| Keywords | Horse; Social order; Dominance hierarchy; Aggression; Injury; Learning; Training | ||||
| Abstract | Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to suboptimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses, but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horse's natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse's social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6712 | ||
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| Author | Mitman, G. | ||||
| Title | Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | J Hist Behav Sci |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
3-16 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; *Leadership; Political Systems; *Social Dominance; United States | ||||
| Abstract | During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research. | ||||
| Address | University of Wisconsin | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-5061 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2405050 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2044 | |||
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| Author | Drummond, H. | ||||
| Title | Dominance in vertebrate broods and litters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Quarterly Review of Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 81 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
3-32 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Assessment; Dominance; Individual recognition; Sibling conflict; Trained losing | ||||
| Abstract | Drawing on the concepts and theory of dominance in adult vertebrates, this article categorizes the relationships of dominance between infant siblings, identifies the behavioral mechanisms that give rise to those relationships, and proposes a model to explain their evolution. Dominance relationships in avian broods can be classified according to the agonistic roles of dominants and subordinates as “aggression-submission,” “aggression-resistance, ” “aggression-aggression,” “aggression-avoidance,” “rotating dominance,” and “flock dominance.” These relationships differ mainly in the submissiveness/pugnacity of subordinates, which is pivotal, and in the specificity/generality of the learning processes that underlie them. As in the dominance hierarchies of adult vertebrates, agonistic roles are engendered and maintained by several mechanisms, including differential fighting ability, assessment, trained winning and losing (especially in altricial species), learned individual relationships (especially in precocial species), site-specific learning, and probably group-level effects. An evolutionary framework in which the species-typical dominance relationship is determined by feeding mode, confinement, cost of subordination, and capacity for individual recognition, can be extended to mammalian litters and account for the aggression-submission and aggression-resistance observed in distinct populations of spotted hyenas and the “site-specific dominance” (teat ownership) of some pigs, felids, and hyraxes. Little is known about agonism in the litters of other mammals or broods of poikilotherms, but some species of fish and crocodilians have the potential for dominance among broodmates. Copyright © 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. | ||||
| Address | Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-275, 04510 D.F., Mexico | ||||
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 20; Export Date: 23 October 2008; Source: Scopus | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4559 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Darwin's legacy and the study of primate visual communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume | 1000 | Issue | Pages |
7-31 | |
| Keywords | Affect; Aggression/psychology; Animals; Culture; *Evolution; *Facial Expression; Gestures; Grooming; Humans; Laughter; *Nonverbal Communication; Primates/*physiology; Smiling; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | After Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published in 1872, we had to wait 60 years before the theme of animal expressions was picked up by another astute observer. In 1935, Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts published a detailed comparison of the expressive behavior of a juvenile chimpanzee and of her own child. After Kohts, we had to wait until the 1960s for modern ethological analyses of primate facial and gestural communication. Again, the focus was on the chimpanzee, but ethograms on other primates appeared as well. Our understanding of the range of expressions in other primates is at present far more advanced than that in Darwin's time. A strong social component has been added: instead of focusing on the expressions per se, they are now often classified according to the social situations in which they typically occur. Initially, quantitative analyses were sequential (i.e., concerned with temporal associations between behavior patterns), and they avoided the language of emotions. I will discuss some of this early work, including my own on the communicative repertoire of the bonobo, a close relative of the chimpanzee (and ourselves). I will provide concrete examples to make the point that there is a much richer matrix of contexts possible than the common behavioral categories of aggression, sex, fear, play, and so on. Primate signaling is a form of negotiation, and previous classifications have ignored the specifics of what animals try to achieve with their exchanges. There is also increasing evidence for signal conventionalization in primates, especially the apes, in both captivity and the field. This process results in group-specific or “cultural” communication patterns. | ||||
| Address | Yerkes Primate Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0077-8923 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14766618 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 177 | ||
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| Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
| Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
14 |
| Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
| Abstract | Simple Summary Because of their social nature, horses need to have plenty of opportunities to interact with others to establish bonds and learn from their elders. Comparison of social behaviour of 426 horses in 20 groups of Icelandic horses in pastures, showed that aggression was lowest where the group composition was like the natural system, i.e., with a stallion, mares and their young foals. In groups without a stallion, the presence of foals is also associated with low aggression. Stability of the group with respect to group composition is of great importance; the horses are less aggressive in the more stable groups. The highest aggression was found in groups of unfamiliar yearlings. The horses allogroomed more in groups with relatively more young horses, which suggests they are forming bonds. Later, they groom less but prefer certain individuals. Horse owners should all be aware of the importance of planning the composition of horse groups and to keep the membership as stable as possible in order to ensure good welfare. Abstract We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6585 | ||
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| Author | Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
15-18 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:7189148 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 59 | ||
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| Author | Palagi, E.; Paoli, T.; Tarli, S.B. | ||||
| Title | Reconciliation and consolation in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 62 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
15-30 |
| Keywords | Aggression/psychology; *Agonistic Behavior; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*psychology; *Conflict (Psychology); *Empathy; Female; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Although reconciliation in bonobos (Pan paniscus) has previously been described, it has not been analyzed heretofore by the postconflict (PC) match-control (MC) method. Furthermore, although reconciliation has been investigated before in this species, consolation has not. In this study we analyzed agonistic and affiliative contacts in all sex-class combinations to clarify and reevaluate the occurrence of reconciliation in bonobos via the PC-MC method. We also investigated the occurrence of consolation by analyzing the victims' triadic contact tendency (TCT), the influence of the sex of victims, and the relative occurrence of consolation and reconciliation. We collected 167 pairs of PC-MC observations in a captive group of bonobos (in Apeldoorn, The Netherlands). The conciliatory tendency (CCT) we obtained was tendentially lower than the mean value previously found for Yerkes captive chimpanzees. Close relationships, which were present in all female-female (FF) and some male-female (MF) dyads, positively affected reconciliation rates. When only adult PC-MC pairs (157) were considered, the mean TCTs and CCTs did not differ significantly. When we focused on types of PC affiliative contact, in the case of consolation we found a striking preference for sociosexual patterns. As to the relative occurrence of consolation and reconciliation, the highest level of the former was found in the absence of the latter. When reconciliation took place, consolation generally preceded it, suggesting that consolation may be a substitutive behavior. Our findings suggest that even if reconciliation remains the best option, consolation may be an alternative substitute for reconciliation that is used to buffer the tension originating from an unresolved conflict. Reconciliation and consolation are complex phenomena that are probably related to the life history of a group. Given that few studies have been conducted on this subject, we can not at this time make any generalizations regarding conflict resolution in certain species by comparing results among studies. | ||||
| Address | Centro Interdipartimentale Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. betta.palagi@museo.unipi.it | ||||
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| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14752810 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2876 | ||
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| Author | Cattell, R.B.; Korth, B. | ||||
| Title | The isolation of temperament dimensions in dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1973 | Publication | Behavioral Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Biol |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
15-30 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Biometry; Body Weight; *Dogs; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Heart Rate; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Models, Psychological; *Personality; Problem Solving; Social Behavior | ||||
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| ISSN | 0091-6773 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:4738708 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4140 | ||
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| Author | Hrdy, S.B. | ||||
| Title | Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1974 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
19-58 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Coitus; *Competitive Behavior; Estrus; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; India; Infanticide; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Pregnancy; Rain; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Temperature; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
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| ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:4215710 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2051 | |||
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