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Author Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Breaking up fights between others: a model of intervention behaviour Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
Volume 265 Issue 1394 Pages (down) 433-437
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Abstract To examine when and why animals break up fights between others in their group, I modelled whether ‘winner’ and ‘loser’ effects might be one element driving the evolution of intervention behaviour. I considered one particular type of intervention: when the intervener simply breaks up fights between two others, but does not favour either party in so doing. When victories at time T + 1 are more likely given a victory at time T (i.e. winner effects), intervention is often favoured. Intervention is favoured in these circumstances because the intervening party in essence stops others from ‘getting on a roll’ and climbing up any hierarchy that exists. However, when loser effects alone are at work (defeats at time T + 1 are more likely given a defeat at time T), breaking up fights between others is never selected. If both winner and loser effects are operating simultaneously, then the likelihood of intervention behaviour evolving is a function of the relative strength of these two effects. The greater the winner effect relative to the loser effect, the more likely intervention behaviour is to evolve.
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Notes 10.1098/rspb.1998.0313 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5240
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Author Wilson, D.S.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title A reply to Lombardi & Hurlbert Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages (down) 423-425
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 475
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Author Mesterton-Gibbons, M.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Toward a theory of dominance hierarchies: effects of assessment, group size, and variation in fighting ability Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages (down) 416-423
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Abstract We introduce assessment to the analysis of dominance hierarchies by exploring the effect of an evolutionarily stable fighting rule when there is variation in resource holding potential (RHP) and RHP is not a perfectly reliable predictor of the outcome of a fight. With assessment, the probability of a linear hierarchy decreases with group size but can remain appreciable for groups of up to seven or eight individuals, whereas it decreases virtually to zero if there is no assessment. The probability of a hierarchy that correlates perfectly with RHP is low unless group size is small.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/6.4.416 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 447
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Author Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages (down) 393-400
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Abstract Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 873
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Earley, R.L.
Title Group fusion: the impact of winner, loser, and bystander effects on hierarchy formation in large groups Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages (down) 367-373
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Abstract We present the results of a series of computer simulations that examined the impact of winner, loser, and bystander effects on hierarchy formation in fused groups. These effects and their implications for hierarchy structure and aggressive interactions were first examined in small four-member groups. Subsequent to this, the two small groups were fused into a single larger group. Further interactions took place in this fused group, generating a new hierarchy. Our models demonstrate clearly that winner, loser, and bystander effects strongly influence both the structure and types of interactions that emerge from the fusion of smaller groups. Four conditions produced results in which the same general patterns were uncovered in pre- and postfusion groups: (1) winner effects alone, (2) bystander loser effects alone, (3) winner and bystander winner effects operating simultaneously, and (4) all four effects in play simultaneously. Outside this parameter space, hierarchy structure and the nature of aggressive interactions differed in pre- and postfusion groups. When only loser effects were in play, one of the two clear alphas from the prefused groups dropped in rank in the eight-member fused group. When bystander winner effects were in play, it was difficult to rank any of the eight individuals in the fused group, and players interacted almost exclusively with those that were not in their original four-member group. When loser and bystander loser effects operated simultaneously, two top-ranking individuals emerged in the fused groups, but the relative rank of the other players was difficult to assign.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/14.3.367 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 519
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Bystander effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages (down) 348-352
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Abstract Prior modeling work has found that pure winner and loser effects (i.e., changing the estimation of your own fighting ability as a function of direct prior experience) can have important consequences for hierarchy formation. Here these models are extended to incorporate “bystander effects.” When bystander effects are in operation, observers (i.e., bystanders) of aggressive interactions change their assessment of the protagonists' fighting abilities (depending on who wins and who loses). Computer simulations demonstrate that when bystander winner effects alone are at play, groups have a clear omega (bottom-ranking individual), while the relative position of other group members remains difficult to determine. When only bystander loser effects are in operation, wins and losses are randomly distributed throughout a group (i.e., no discernible hierarchy). When pure and bystander winner effects are jointly in place, a linear hierarchy, in which all positions (i.e., {alpha} to {delta} when N = 4) are clearly defined, emerges. Joint pure and bystander loser effects produce the same result. In principle one could test the predictions from the models developed here in a straightforward comparative study. Hopefully, the results of this model will spur on such studies in the future.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/12.3.348 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 441
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, J.-G.J.
Title Female mate copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): age-dependent effects Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages (down) 289-292
Keywords mate choice, copying, guppy, Poecilia reticulata
Abstract Virtually all studies of mate choice to date have assumed that females choose mates independent of one another. Social cues, however, such as the mate choice of conspecifics, may also play an important role in such decisions. Previous work has shown that female guppies of similar age copy each other's choice of mates. Here we examine the effect of relative age on mate choice copying in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and examine whether younger individuals are more likely to copy the mate choice of older conspecifics than vice versa. Results indicate that younger females copy the mate choice of older females, but older individuals do not appear to be influenced by the mate choice of younger individuals.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2181
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, G.J.
Title Predator inspection, shoaling and foraging under predation hazard in the Trinidadian guppy,Poecilia reticulata Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Environmental Biology of Fishes Abbreviated Journal
Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages (down) 265-276
Keywords Antipredation – Social group – Feeding – Predation risk – Trade-off – Fish
Abstract Guppies,Poecilia reticulata, living in stream pools in Trinidad, West Indies, approached a potential fish predator (a cichlid fish model) in a tentative, saltatory manner, mainly as singletons or in pairs. Such behavior is referred to as predator inspection behavior. Inspectors approached the trunk and tail of the predator model more frequently, more closely and in larger groups than they approached the predator's head, which is presumably the most dangerous area around the predator. However, guppies were not observed in significantly larger shoals in the stream when the predator model was present. In a stream enclosure, guppies inspected the predator model more frequently when it was stationary compared to when it was moving, and made closer inspections to the posterior regions of the predator than to its head. Therefore, the guppies apparently regarded the predator model as a potential threat and modified their behavior accordingly when inspecting it. Guppies exhibited a lower feeding rate in the presence of the predator, suggesting a trade-off between foraging gains and safety against predation. Our results further suggest that predator inspection behavior may account for some of this reduction in foraging. These findings are discussed in the context of the benefits and costs of predator inspection behavior.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2176
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Hoglund, J.
Title Delayed breeding and the evolution of mate copying in lekking species Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Journal of Theoretical Biology Abbreviated Journal J. Theor. Biol.
Volume 174 Issue 3 Pages (down) 261-267
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Abstract Recent experimental evidence indicates that females may copy the mate choice of others. Here, we present a model for the evolution of mate copying strategies in lekking species. In the model, all females (copiers and non-copiers) assess male quality, but a copier's assessment of a male's quality increases after males have mated with other females. The model demonstrates that mate copying is favored when breeding late in the season has a relatively high cost. We hope that our results will spur empirical work quantifying the time constraints associated with breeding, thus allowing more direct tests of the model's predictions.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 482
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Alfieri, M.
Title Guppies and the TIT FOR TAT strategy: preference based on past interaction Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages (down) 243-246
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Abstract The evolution of cooperation requires either (a) nonrandom interactions, such that cooperators preferentially interact with other cooperators, or (b) conditional behaviors, such that individuals act cooperatively primarily towards other cooperators. Although these conditions can be met without assuming sophisticated animal cognition, they are more likely to be met if animals can remember individuals with whom they have interacted, associate past interactions with these individuals, and base future behavior on this information. Here we show that guppies (Poecilia reticulata), in the context of predator inspection behavior, can identify and remember (for at least 4 h) the “more cooperative” among two conspecifics and subsequently choose to be near these individuals in future encounters.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3397
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