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| Author | Rendall, D. | ||||
| Title | Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 105 | Issue | 2 | Pages  |
178-182 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3998 | ||
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| Author | Baragli, P.; Paoletti, E.; Vitale, V.; Sighieri, C. | ||||
| Title | Looking in the correct location for a hidden object: brief note about the memory of donkeys (Equus asinus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Ethology Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
187-192 |
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| Abstract | In recent years, considerable literature has been published on cognition in horses; however, much less is known about the cognitive abilities of domestic donkey (Equus asinus). This study aimed to expand our knowledge of donkey cognition by assessing their short-term memory capacity. We employed a detour problem combined with the classic delayed-response task, which has been extensively used to compare working memory duration in a variety of different species. A two-point choice apparatus was used to investigate location recall and search behaviour for a food target, after a short delay following its disappearance. Four donkeys completed the task with a 10 sec delay, while four others were tested with a 30 sec delay. Overall, each group performed above chance level on the test, showing that subjects had successfully encoded, maintained, and retrieved the existence and location of the target despite the loss of visual contact. | ||||
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| Publisher | Taylor & Francis | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0394-9370 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1080/03949370.2011.554885 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6177 | ||
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| Author | Sakura O; Matsuzawa T | ||||
| Title | Flexibility of wild chimpanzees nut-cracking behavior using stone hammers and anvils: an experimental analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | Pages |
237 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3038 | ||
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| Author | Hemelrijk, C.K.; Hildenbrandt, H. | ||||
| Title | Self-Organized Shape and Frontal Density of Fish Schools | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
245-254 |
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| Abstract | Abstract Models of swarming (based on avoidance, alignment and attraction) produce patterns of behaviour also seen in schools of fish. However, the significance of such similarities has been questioned, because some model assumptions are unrealistic [e.g. speed in most models is constant with random error, the perception is global and the size of the schools that have been studied is small (up to 128 individuals)]. This criticism also applies to our former model, in which we demonstrated the emergence of two patterns of spatial organization, i.e. oblong school form and high frontal density, which are supposed to function as protection against predators. In our new model we respond to this criticism by making the following improvements: individuals have a preferred ‘cruise speed’ from which they can deviate in order to avoid others or to catch up with them. Their range of perception is inversely related to density, with which we take into account that high density limits the perception of others that are further away. Swarm sizes range from 10 to 2000 individuals. The model is three-dimensional. Further, we show that the two spatial patterns (oblong shape and high frontal density) emerge by self-organization as a side-effect of coordination at two speeds (of two or four body lengths per second) for schools of sizes above 20. Our analysis of the model leads to the development of a new set of hypotheses. If empirical data confirm these hypotheses, then in a school of real fish these patterns may arise as a side-effect of their coordination in the same way as in the model. | ||||
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| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5202 | ||
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| Author | Seferta, A.; Guay, P.-J.; Marzinotto, E.; Lefebvre, L. | ||||
| Title | Learning Differences between Feral Pigeons and Zenaida Doves: The Role of Neophobia and Human Proximity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 107 | Issue | Pages |
281-293 | |
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| Abstract | Learning differences predicted from ecological variables can be confounded with differences in wariness of novel stimuli (neophobia). Previous work on feral pigeons (Columba livia), as well as on group-feeding and territorial zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita), reported individual and social learning differences predicted from social foraging mode. In the present study, we show that speed of learning a foraging task covaries with neophobia and latency to feed from a familiar dish in the three types of columbids. Pigeons were much faster than either territorial or group-feeding zenaida doves on all tests conducted in captivity, but showed unexpectedly strong neophobia in some urban flocks during field tests. Human proximity strongly affected performance in group-feeding doves both in the field and in captivity. They were slightly faster at learning than their territorial conspecifics in cage tests. In multiple regressions, species identity, but not social foraging mode, significantly predicted individual variation in learning, as did individual variation in neophobia. Wariness of novel stimuli and species differences associated with artificial selection appear to be more important than foraging mode and wariness of humans in accounting for learning differences between these columbids. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2184 | ||
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| Author | Griffin, A. S. | ||||
| Title | Temporal Limitations on Social Learning of Novel Predators by Indian Mynahs, Acridotheres tristis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
287-295 |
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| Abstract | Antipredator vocalizations of social companions are important for facilitating long-term changes in the responses of prey to novel predator stimuli. However, dynamic variation in the time course of acoustic communication has important implications for learning of predator cues associated with auditory signals. While animals often experience acoustic signals simultaneously with predator cues, they may also at times experience signals and predator stimuli in succession. The ability to learn about stimuli that are perceived not only together, but also after, acoustic signals has the potential to expand the range of opportunities for learning about novel events. Earlier work in Indian mynahs (Acridotheres tristis) has revealed that subjects acquire a visual exploratory response to a novel avian mount after they have experienced it together with conspecific distress vocalizations, a call produced in response to seizure by a predator. The present study explored to what extent such learning occurred if the avian mount was experienced after, rather than simultaneously with, distress calls, such as might happen if call production is interrupted by prey death. Results showed that mynahs that experienced a novel avian mount simultaneously with the sound of distress calls exhibited a sustained exploratory response to the mount after training relative to before that was not apparent in birds that received distress calls and mount in succession. This finding suggests that vocal antipredator signals may only trigger learning of environmental stimuli with which they share some temporal overlap. Recipients may need to access complementary non-vocal cues from the prey victim to learn about predator stimuli that are perceived after vocal behaviour. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4747 | ||
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| Author | Clucas, B.; Marzluff, J.M.; Mackovjak, D.; Palmquist, I. | ||||
| Title | Do American Crows Pay Attention to Human Gaze and Facial Expressions? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
296-302 |
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| Abstract | Interactions between species can lead to the evolution of interspecific communication. Non-verbal communication by humans, both intentional and unintentional, can be interpreted by other species. We tested whether American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) were sensitive to human facial features under field conditions by comparing flight initiation distances and urgency of escape behavior to human approaches varying in eye contact and facial expression. We first examined whether crows distinguish between an approaching human who is directly gazing at them and a human approaching them with an averted gaze. In a second experiment, we tested whether crows differentiate a smiling from scowling human approaching them with direct or averted gaze. In the first experiment, we found that crows fled sooner and more urgently when humans were directly gazing at them. Similarly, in the second experiment, crows responded sooner to a direct vs. averted gaze; however, they did not react differently to varying human facial expressions. We suggest that crows use human gaze as a reliable visual cue compared with facial expressions when making decisions about responding to approaching humans. This is the first study to show that a wild corvid species changes its behavior based on human gaze, possibly representing an adaptation to living in human-dominated urban areas and suggesting crows might perceive human intention by this visual cue. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5670 | ||
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| Author | Giada Cordoni; Elisabetta Palagi | ||||
| Title | Reconciliation in Wolves (Canis lupus) – New Evidence for a Comparative Perspective | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | Pages |
298 - 308 | |
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| Abstract | Social animals gain benefits from cooperative behaviours. However, social systems also imply competition and conflict of interest. To cope with dispersal forces, group-living animals use several peace-keeping tactics, which have been deeply investigated in primates. Other taxa, however, have been often neglected in this field research. Wolves (Canis lupus) with their high sociality and cooperative behaviour may be a good model species to investigate the reconciliation process. In this study, we provide the first evidence for the occurrence of reconciliation in a group of zoo-kept wolves. The conciliatory contacts were uniformly distributed across the different sex-class combinations. We found a linear dominance hierarchy in the colony under study, although the hierarchical relationships did not seem to affect the reconciliation dynamics. Moreover, both aggressors and victims initiated first post-conflict affinitive contact with comparable rates and both high- and low-intensity conflicts were reconciled with similar percentages. Finally, we found that coalitionary support may be a good predictor for high level of conciliatory contacts in this species. | ||||
| Address | Centro Interdipartimentale Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universit di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Giardino Zoologico di Pistoia, Pistoia, Italy DOI – 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01474.x | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | © 2008 The Authors | Editor | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4937 | ||
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| Author | Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
| Title | Decision-making in Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) is driven by the ecological contexts of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
321-330 |
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| Abstract | We addressed decision-making processes in the collective movements of two groups of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) living in a semi free-ranging population. We investigated whether different patterns of group movement are related to certain ecological contexts (habitat use and group activity) and analysed the possible decision-making processes involved. We found two distinct patterns; ‘single-bout’ and ‘multiplebout’ movements occurred in both study groups. The movements were defined by the occurrence of collective stops between bouts and differed by their duration, distance covered and ecological context. For both movements, we found that a preliminary period involving several horses occurred before departure. In single-bout movements, all group members rapidly joined the first moving horse, independently of the preliminary period. In multiple-bout movements, however, the joining process was longer; in particular when the number of decision-makers and their pre-departure behaviour before departure increased. Multiplebout movements were more often used by horses to switch habitats and activities. This observation demonstrates that the horses need more time to resolve motivational conflicts before these departures. We conclude that decision-making in Przewalski horses is based on a shared consensus process driven by ecological determinants. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4801 | ||
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| Author | Fucikova, E.; Drent, P. J.; Smits,N.; van Oers, K. | ||||
| Title | Handling Stress as a Measurement of Personality in Great Tit Nestlings (Parus major) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
366 - 374 |
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| Abstract | nterest in personality is growing in a wide range of disciplines, but only in a few systems it is possible to assess the survival value of personality. Field studies looking at the relationship between personality and survival value early in life are greatly hampered by the fact that personality can at present only be assessed after individuals become independent from their parents. In passerines, for example, this is often after a period of intensive selection for the survival on fledglings. The main aim of this study is therefore to develop a method to measure personality before this period of selection. For this purpose, we developed the handling stress (HS) test. We measured HS in 14-d-old great tit nestlings by counting the number of breast movements (breath rate) in four subsequent 15-s bouts for 1 min; before and after they were socially isolated from their siblings for 15 min. To calculate the repeatability of HS, we repeated the test 6 mo later. To assess the relationship between HS and exploratory behaviour, we correlated the outcome of both tests. We ran tests both on birds of lines selected for extreme personality and on wild birds from a natural population. We found that birds selected for fast exploration reacted more to HS compared with birds selected for slow exploration and that HS was repeatable in different life phases. We confirmed this by finding an increase in the HS with increasing exploratory scores in wild birds. These results show that we can use the HS test as a measurement of personality, making it a potential tool for studying the relationship between personality and survival value early in life. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5072 | ||
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