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Author | McDonnell, S.M. (ed) | ||||
Title | The Equid Ethogram: A Practical Field Guide to Horse Behavior | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Eclipse Press | Place of Publication | Lexington, Kentucky | Editor | McDonnell, S.M. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-1581500905 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 711 | ||
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Author | Merkies, K.; McKechnie, M.J.; Zakrajsek, E. | ||||
Title | Behavioural and physiological responses of therapy horses to mentally traumatized humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Keywords | Equine-assisted therapy; Ptsd; Horse; Behaviour; Cortisol; Heart rate | ||||
Abstract | The benefits to humans of equine-assisted therapy (EAT) have been well-researched, however few studies have analyzed the effects on the horse. Understanding how differing mental states of humans affect the behaviour and response of the horse can assist in providing optimal outcomes for both horse and human. Four humans clinically diagnosed and under care of a psychotherapist for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were matched physically to four neurotypical control humans and individually subjected to each of 17 therapy horses loose in a round pen. A professional acting coach instructed the control humans in replicating the physical movements of their paired PTSD individual. Both horses and humans were equipped with a heart rate (HR) monitor recording HR every 5secs. Saliva samples were collected from each horse 30 min before and 30 min after each trial to analyze cortisol concentrations. Each trial consisted of 5 min of baseline observation of the horse alone in the round pen after which the human entered the round pen for 2 min, followed by an additional 5 min of the horse alone. Behavioural observations indicative of stress in the horse (gait, head height, ear orientation, body orientation, distance from the human, latency of approach to the human, vocalizations, and chewing) were retrospectively collected from video recordings of each trial and analyzed using a repeated measures GLIMMIX with Tukey's multiple comparisons for differences between treatments and time periods. Horses moved slower (p < 0.0001), carried their head lower (p < 0.0001), vocalized less (p < 0.0001), and chewed less (p < 0.0001) when any human was present with them in the round pen. Horse HR increased in the presence of the PTSD humans, even after the PTSD human left the pen (p < 0.0001). Since two of the PTSD/control human pairs were experienced with horses and two were not, a post-hoc analysis showed that horses approached quicker (p < 0.016) and stood closer (p < 0.0082) to humans who were experienced with horses. Horse HR was lower when with inexperienced humans (p < 0.0001) whereas inexperienced human HR was higher (p < 0.0001). Horse salivary cortisol did not differ between exposure to PTSD and control humans (p > 0.32). Overall, behavioural and physiological responses of horses to humans are more pronounced based on human experience with horses than whether the human is diagnosed with a mental disorder. This may be a reflection of a directness of movement associated with humans who are experienced with horses that makes the horse more attentive. It appears that horses respond more to physical cues from the human rather than emotional cues. This knowledge is important in tailoring therapy programs and justifying horse responses when interacting with a patient in a therapy setting. | ||||
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6385 | ||
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Author | de Waal, F. B.; Tyack, P., (eds) | ||||
Title | Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Harvard University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Editor | de Waal, F. B.; Tyack, P., |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4096 | ||
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Author | Krueger, K. (ed) | ||||
Title | Proceedings of the International Equine Science Meeting 2008 | Type | Conference Volume | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Equine Ecology; Equine Sociality; Equine Learning; Equine Cognition; Equine Welfare | ||||
Abstract | Target group: Biologists, Psychologists, Veterinarians and Professionals Meeting target: Because the last international meeting on Equine Science took place a couple years ago, there is an urgent need for equine scientists to exchange scientific knowledge, coordinate research provide knowledge for practical application, and discus research results among themselves and with professionals who work with horses. Additionally, dialog concerning the coordination of the study “Equitation Science” in Europe is urgently needed. Coordination and cooperation shall arise from the meeting, enrich the research, and advance the application of scientific knowledge for the horses` welfare. |
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Publisher | Xenophon Verlag | Place of Publication | Wald | Editor | Krueger, K. |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-9808134-0-2 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4508 | ||
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Author | Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, S. M. (eds) | ||||
Title | The Domestic Horse | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Humans have had a profound influence on the horse since its domestication in the late Neolithic period. Used for transport, labour, food and recreation, horses have become important in many facets of our society. Daniel Mills and Sue McDonnell have produced an exceptional account of our current knowledge of the development and management of the behaviour of the horse, from its wild roots. The Domestic Horse brings together, for the first time, an unrivalled collection of international scientific authors to write on the latest findings concerning the behaviour and welfare of this beautiful animal. Illustrated throughout, The Domestic Horse will appeal to animal scientists, those working with horses in a professional capacity and the owner/enthusiast. It also provides sound complementary reading for animal/equine science courses and veterinary students. | ||||
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Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Camebridge | Editor | Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, S. M. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780521891134 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4750 | ||
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Author | Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. (eds) | ||||
Title | Exploring Animal Social Networks | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Princton University Press | Place of Publication | Princton | Editor | Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780691127521 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5139 | ||
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Author | Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W. (eds) | ||||
Title | Machiavellian Intelligence II – Extensions and Evaluations | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5233 | ||
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Author | Krueger., K.; Farmer, K. | ||||
Title | Social learning in Horses: Differs from individual learning only in the learning stimulus and not in the learning mechanisms | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | 14th Meeting of the Internatinoal Society for Equitation Science | Abbreviated Journal | 14th Meeting ISES |
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Keywords | horse; individual learning; learning mechanisms; learning stimuli; social learning | ||||
Abstract | Equine welfare can be enhanced by applying species specific training. This may incorporate social learning, as horses are highly social and social stimuli are of primary importance. Social learning is comparable to individual learning in its learning mechanisms, differing primarily in the way it is stimulated. Our initial study showed that horses of different breeds (N = 38) follow humans after observing other horses doing so, but only if the observed horse was familiar to and higher ranking than the observer (Fisher's exact test: N = 12, P = 0.003). A second study showed that horses and ponies (N = 25) learned to pull a rope to open a feeding apparatus after observing demonstrations by conspecifics, again, only if the demonstrating horse was older and higher ranking than the observer (Fisher's combination test, N = 3, v2 = 27.71, p = 0.006). Our third approach showed that horses and ponies (N = 24) learned to press a switch to open a feeding apparatus after observing a familiar person (GzLM: N = 24, z = 2.33, P = 0.02). Most recently, we confronted horses and ponies (N = 50) with persons demonstrating different techniques for opening a feeding apparatus. In this study we investigated whether the horses would copy the demonstrators' techniques or apply their own. Here only some horses copied the technique, and most of the successful learners used their mouths irrespective of the demonstrators' postures (Chi Square Test: N = 40, df = 2, χ2 = 31.4, p < 0.001). In all the approaches social stimuli elicited learning processes in the test horses, while only a few individuals in the control groups mastered the tasks by individual learning. The following behaviour observed in the initial study may have been facilitated by a social stimuli (social facilitation), and the opening of the feed boxes in the subsequent studies appear to be mostly the result of enhancement (social enhancement). Some horses may have used the social stimuli at first and continued their learning process by individual trial and error. However, the horses were also selective in whom and some in how to copy. This may have been conditioned (socially conditioned) or the result of simple forms of reasoning on the reliability of the particular information provided by demonstrators of certain social ranks or social positions, as high ranking and familiar horses and familiar persons were copied and some imitated exactly. Lay person message: Traditional riding instructions suggest that horses learn by observing other horses. For example, older, more experienced driving horses are used for initial training of young driving horses. We have shown that horses indeed use learning stimuli provided by other horse, as well as by humans. Horses readily accept stimuli observed in high ranking and familiar horses, and familiar persons. Such stimuli elicit learning processes which are comparable to individual learning. We suggest applying social learning whenever possible, as it is much faster and less stressful than individual learning, where learners experience negative outcomes in trial and error learning. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6405 | ||
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Author | Töpfer, D.; Wolter, R.; Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | Fallstudie zum Platzangebot, Verhalten und Wohlbefinden der Pferde (Equus caballus) in Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Aus-lauf und Bewegungsställen [A case study to space, behavior and well-being of horses (Equus caballus) in open stables and open active stables] | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | KTBL Schriften | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Abstract | Verhaltensbeobachtungen erfolgten an 112 Pferden in Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Auslauf und Bewegungsställen. Bei vermehrtem Platzangebot sinkt das agonistische Verhalten in Bewegungsställen außerhalb des Fressbereiches. Mit zunehmender Stallgröße (überdachte Fläche und Auslauf) steigt in beiden Haltungsverfahren das affiliative Verhalten während das agonistische Verhalten mit Verletzungsrisiko sinkt. Daher wird für beide Haltungsverfahren ein möglichst großzügiger Stall je Pferd empfohlen. Die beobachteten Erkrankungen der letzten zwölf Monate zeigen vermehrt Hautkrankheiten in den Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Auslauf, wohingegen Hufgeschwüre in Bewegungsställen auftraten. Wird der Fütterungsaspekt in den Bewegungsställen betrachtet, so ist die Transponderfütterung in Kombination mit ad libitum Fütterung aufgrund des deutlich geringeren, agonistischen Verhaltens beim Fressen, der reinen Transponderfütterung vorzuziehen. Mehrraum-Außenlaufställe mit Auslauf haben den Vorteil der synchronen Nahrungsaufnahme. [The behaviour of 112 horses was observed in open stables and open active stables. Horses show less agonistic behaviour outside of the feeding area in open active stables as the space for each horse is augmented. Also the affiliative behaviour increases as a function of more space per horse while agonistic behaviour with a risk for injury decreases. These results are independent from the husbandry system. Due to this fact a stable with a larger area per horse is recommended. Diseases of the last twelve month were recorded and show skin diseases in open stables and abscesses in the hooves in open active stables. To consider the feeding in open active stables it was found that horses which were fed with hay controlled by transponders showed more agonistic behaviour in contrast to horses being fed using transponders but with access to hay ad libitum. Thus transponder feeding in combination with ad libitum feeding is recommended. Open stables have the advantage of synchronized feeding.] |
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Publisher | KTBL | Place of Publication | Darmstadt | Editor | |
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Series Editor | Series Title | KTBL Schriften | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5862 | ||
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Author | McGreevy, P. | ||||
Title | Equine Behavior A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Chapter 1 – Introduction, Pages 1-36 Chapter 2 – Perception, Pages 37-54 Chapter 3 – Behavior and the brain, Pages 55-84, Caroline Hahn Chapter 4 – Learning, Pages 85-118 Chapter 5 – Social behavior, Pages 119-150 Chapter 6 – Communication, Pages 151-163 Chapter 7 – Locomotory behavior, Pages 165-187 Chapter 8 – Ingestive behavior, Pages 189-215 Chapter 9 – Eliminative behavior, Pages 217-221 Chapter 10 – Body care, Pages 223-243 Chapter 11 – Behavior of the stallion, Pages 245-264 Chapter 12 – Behavior of the mare, Pages 265-290 Chapter 13 – Training, Pages 291-311, Andrew McLean, Paul McGreevy Chapter 14 – Handling and transport, Pages 313-329 Chapter 15 – Miscellaneous unwelcome behaviors, their causes and resolution, Pages 331-345 Further reading, Page 347 Glossary, Pages 351-356 Index, Pages 357-369 |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-7020-2634-8 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6154 | ||
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