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Author | Briard, L.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | How stallions influence the dynamic of collective movements in two groups of domestic horses, from departure to arrival | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 142 | Issue | Pages | 56-63 | |
Keywords | consensus; herding; polygyny; personal leadership; shared decision | ||||
Abstract | Abstract The role of leader in polygynous species has been solely attributed to the male for some time, but recent studies shown decision making to be distributed within the group. However, the specific reproductive strategy and behavioural repertoire of males in polygynous species such as horses may mean that these individuals still have the potential to play a specific role during decision-making. To investigate this subject, we thoroughly studied the behaviour of two domestic stallions during collective movements of their group. We found that they initiated rarely and sometimes failed to recruit the entire group. When departing as followers, they did not accelerate the joining process. Both stallions preferentially occupied the rear position and exhibited numerous monitoring behaviours. Herding behaviours were performed by only one stallion and mostly occurred outside movement context. Finally, we removed this herding stallion from its group to evaluate how the group dynamic changed. As a result, half of the collective movements were five times slower and mares were more dispersed in comparison when the stallion was in the group. Overall, our results suggest that, the two stallions maintained their role of group monitors from departure to arrival. Their influence on the movement dynamic was indirect and did not play a specific role in the process of decision making. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6151 | ||
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Author | Sueur, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Shared or unshared consensus decision in macaques? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 78 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 84-92 |
Keywords | Collective movement; Decision-making; Leadership; Social style | ||||
Abstract | Members of a social group have to make collective decisions in order to synchronise their activities. In a shared consensus decision, all group members can take part in the decision whereas in an unshared consensus decision, one individual, usually a dominant member of the group, takes the decision for the rest of the group. It has been suggested that the type of decision-making of a species could be influenced by its social style. To investigate this further, we studied collective movements in two species with opposed social systems, the Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana) and the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). From our results, it appears that the decision to move is the result of the choices and actions of several individuals in both groups. However, this consensus decision involved nearly all group members in Tonkean macaques whereas dominant and old individuals took a prominent role in rhesus macaques. Thus, we suggest that Tonkean macaques display equally shared consensus decisions to move, whereas in the same context rhesus macaque exhibit partially shared consensus decisions. Such a difference in making a collective decision might be linked to the different social systems of the two studied species. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5129 | ||
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Author | Jacobs, A.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | The influence of social organisation on leadership in brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus fulvus) in a controlled environment | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 79 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 111-113 |
Keywords | Animals; *Decision Making; Dominance-Subordination; *Exploratory Behavior; Female; Group Structure; *Leadership; Lemur/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Environment | ||||
Abstract | Studies on leadership during group movements in several lemur species showed that females were responsible for the travelling choices concerning time and direction. Interestingly, in these species females are dominant over males. We investigated the influence of social organisation upon leadership processes by studying a lemur species in which social organisation is characterized by the absence of female dominance: the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus fulvus). The study was conducted on a semi-free ranging group of 11 individuals and the analysis performed on 69 group movements showed that all the individuals could initiate a group movement. In 34 cases, the whole group moved. There was no significant difference in the number of start attempts or in the number of group members involved from one initiator to another. Moreover, there was no effect of sex or age of the initiator on the number of individuals following it or on the speed of the joining process. Therefore, the leadership observed is widely distributed to all group members. These results support the hypothesis of an influence of social organisation upon the decision-making processes but still remain to be studied in a more relevant ecological context. | ||||
Address | IPHC-DEPE, Equipe d'ethologie des primates, UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Universite Louis Pasteur and Centre de Primatologie, Strasbourg, France | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:18586413 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5127 | ||
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Author | Sueur, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Signals use by leaders in Macaca tonkeana and Macaca mulatta: group-mate recruitment and behaviour monitoring | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 239-248 |
Keywords | Decision-making – Collective movement – Intention – Macaque – Social style – Kinship | ||||
Abstract | Abstract Animals living in groups have to make consensus decisions and communicate with each other about the time, or the direction, in which to move. In some species, the process relies on the proposition of a single individual, i.e. a first individual suggests a movement and the other group members decide whether or not to join this individual. In Tonkean (Macaca tonkeana) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), it has been observed that this first individual displays specific signals at departure. In this paper, we aimed to explore the function of such behaviours, i.e. if these behaviours were recruitment signals or only cues about the motivation of the first departed individual. We carried out temporal analyses and studied the latencies of the first departed individual’s behaviours and of the joining of other group members. We also assessed whether the social style of a species in terms of dominance and kinship relationships influenced the patterns of signal emissions. We then analyzed how the first departed individual decided to make a pause or to stop it according to the identities of group members that joined the collective movement. Results showed that Tonkean macaques and rhesus macaques seemed to use back-glances to monitor the joining of other group members and pauses to recruit such individuals. This was especially the case for highly socially affiliated individuals in Tonkean macaques and kin-related individuals in rhesus macaques. Moreover, back-glances and pauses disappeared when such individuals joined the first departed individual. From these results, we suggested that such behaviour could be considered intentional. Such findings could not be highlighted without temporal analyses and accurate observations on primate groups in semi-free ranging conditions. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5117 | ||
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Author | Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Decision-making in Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) is driven by the ecological contexts of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 321-330 |
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Abstract | We addressed decision-making processes in the collective movements of two groups of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) living in a semi free-ranging population. We investigated whether different patterns of group movement are related to certain ecological contexts (habitat use and group activity) and analysed the possible decision-making processes involved. We found two distinct patterns; ‘single-bout’ and ‘multiplebout’ movements occurred in both study groups. The movements were defined by the occurrence of collective stops between bouts and differed by their duration, distance covered and ecological context. For both movements, we found that a preliminary period involving several horses occurred before departure. In single-bout movements, all group members rapidly joined the first moving horse, independently of the preliminary period. In multiple-bout movements, however, the joining process was longer; in particular when the number of decision-makers and their pre-departure behaviour before departure increased. Multiplebout movements were more often used by horses to switch habitats and activities. This observation demonstrates that the horses need more time to resolve motivational conflicts before these departures. We conclude that decision-making in Przewalski horses is based on a shared consensus process driven by ecological determinants. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4801 | ||
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Author | Ramseyer, A.; Petit, O.; Thierry, B. | ||||
Title | Decision-making in group departures of female domestic geese | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
Volume | 146 | Issue | Pages | 351-371 | |
Keywords | MOVEMENT; COLLECTIVE; PRE-DEPARTURE; RECRUITMENT; ANSER DOMESTICUS | ||||
Abstract | Group-living animals have to make trade-offs to reach consensus and travel together. We investigated the recruitment processes underpinning decision-making at departure in a group of 20 female domestic geese (Anser domesticus) kept in semi-free-range conditions. Two observers continuously videotaped the behaviours of the birds. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. We found that decision-making was a continuous and distributed process. Departure was preceded by an increase in the arousal state of group members and their initial orientation influenced recruitment. Patterns of group movement could be predicted from the behaviours of individuals before departure. Individuals' locations, moves and signals could act as passive or communicative cues. A higher number of vocalisations and arousal behaviours led to a larger number of individuals recruited. Some individuals were more efficient than others in recruiting followers but any geese could initiate a movement. First movers recruited a higher number of mates when they had a greater number of neighbours. Not only the first mover but also the behaviours of the second and third movers prompted further individuals to follow. There was no evidence that geese were able to intentionally recruit others, rather they synchronized and adjusted each other's motives until reaching a consensus. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5289 | ||
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Author | Petit, O.; Bon, R. | ||||
Title | Decision-making processes: The case of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 635-647 |
Keywords | Consensus; Inter-individual relationships; Leadership; Self-organization; Social status | ||||
Abstract | Besides focusing on the adaptive significance of collective movements, it is crucial to study the mechanisms and dynamics of decision-making processes at the individual level underlying the higher-scale collective movements. It is now commonly admitted that collective decisions emerge from interactions between individuals, but how individual decisions are taken, i.e. how far they are modulated by the behaviour of other group members, is an under-investigated question. Classically, collective movements are viewed as the outcome of one individual's initiation (the leader) for departure, by which all or some of the other group members abide. Individuals assuming leadership have often been considered to hold a specific social status. This hierarchical or centralized control model has been challenged by recent theoretical and experimental findings, suggesting that leadership can be more distributed. Moreover, self-organized processes can account for collective movements in many different species, even in those that are characterized by high cognitive complexity. In this review, we point out that decision-making for moving collectively can be reached by a combination of different rules, i.e. individualized (based on inter-individual differences in physiology, energetic state, social status, etc.) and self-organized (based on simple response) ones for any species, context and group size. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5217 | ||
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Author | Sueur, C.; Jacobs, A.; Amblard, F.; Petit, O.; King, A.J. | ||||
Title | How can social network analysis improve the study of primate behavior? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | American Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 703-719 |
Keywords | interaction; association; social system; social structure; methodology; behavioral sampling | ||||
Abstract | Abstract When living in a group, individuals have to make trade-offs, and compromise, in order to balance the advantages and disadvantages of group life. Strategies that enable individuals to achieve this typically affect inter-individual interactions resulting in nonrandom associations. Studying the patterns of this assortativity using social network analyses can allow us to explore how individual behavior influences what happens at the group, or population level. Understanding the consequences of these interactions at multiple scales may allow us to better understand the fitness implications for individuals. Social network analyses offer the tools to achieve this. This special issue aims to highlight the benefits of social network analysis for the study of primate behaviour, assessing it's suitability for analyzing individual social characteristics as well as group/population patterns. In this introduction to the special issue, we first introduce social network theory, then demonstrate with examples how social networks can influence individual and collective behaviors, and finally conclude with some outstanding questions for future primatological research. Am. J. Primatol. 73:703?719, 2011. ? 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1002/ajp.20915 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6410 | ||
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Author | Briard, L.; Dorn, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 121 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 888-902 |
Keywords | decision-making; equids; hierarchy; leadership; social network | ||||
Abstract | Understanding how groups of individuals with different motives come to daily decisions about the exploitation of their environment is a key question in animal behaviour. While interindividual differences are often seen only as a threat to group cohesion, growing evidence shows that they may to some extent facilitate effective collective action. Recent studies suggest that personality differences influence how individuals are attracted to conspecifics and affect their behaviour as an initiator or a follower. However, most of the existing studies are limited to a few taxa, mainly social fish and arthropods. Horses are social herbivores that live in long-lasting groups and show identifiable personality differences between individuals. We studied a group of 38 individuals living in a 30-ha hilly pasture. Over 200 h, we sought to identify how far individual differences such as personality and affinity distribution affect the dynamic of their collective movements. First, we report that individuals distribute their relationships according to similar personality and hierarchical rank. This is the first study that demonstrates a positive assortment between unrelated individuals according to personality in a mammal species. Second, we measured individual propensity to initiate and found that bold individuals initiated more often than shy individuals. However, their success in terms of number of followers and joining duration did not depend on their individual characteristics. Moreover, joining process is influenced by social network, with preferred partners following each other and bolder individuals being located more often at the front of the movement. Our results illustrate the importance of taking into account interindividual behavioural differences in studies of social behaviours. | ||||
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ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6153 | ||
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Author | Leca, J.-B.; Gunst, N.; Thierry, B.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Distributed leadership in semifree-ranging white-faced capuchin monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 66 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1045-1052 |
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Abstract | We investigated the initiation of group movements in white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus, with the aim of determining whether a single individual with high dominance status consistently leads movements or whether leadership is distributed between group members. The group studied was reared in semifree-ranging conditions. A multivariate analysis followed by univariate analyses demonstrated that leadership was not concentrated on a single individual in this species. All individuals could initiate a collective movement. Nearly half of group members regularly succeeded in recruiting at least three followers. Although both sexes had similar rates of start attempts, females succeeded more frequently than males. We found no significant effect of the dominance status on the percentage of successful attempts. The use of a slow speed, looking back towards the other group members, or trills by the initiator heightened the likelihood of success in group movement initiation. An initiator starting from a core position in a clumped group was more successful than one starting from an edge position in a clumped group or from a dispersed group. Furthermore, the probability of successful start attempts was higher when the group remained stationary for a long period. Leadership in white-faced capuchins appears to be distributed between group members rather than exclusively concentrated on high-ranking individuals. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 2028 | |||
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