|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
|
|
Title |
Food transfers through mesh in brown capuchins |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
|
Volume |
111 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
370-378 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Preferences/psychology; Male; *Motivation; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Environment |
|
|
Abstract |
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) share food even if their partner is behind a mesh restraint. Pairs of adult capuchins were moved into a test chamber in which 1 monkey received cucumber pieces for 20 min and the other received apple slices during the following 20 min. Tolerant transfers of food occurred reciprocally among females: The rate of transfer from Female B to A in the second test phase varied with the rate from Female A to B in the first test phase. Several social mechanisms may explain this reciprocity. Whereas this study does not contradict cognitively complex explanations (e.g., mental record keeping of given and received food), the results are consistent with a rather simple explanation: that food sharing reflects a combination of affiliative tendency and high tolerance. The study suggests that sharing mechanisms may be different for adult male capuchins, with males sharing food more readily and less discriminatingly than females. |
|
|
Address |
Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:9419882 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
198 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Seres, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Propagation of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
|
|
Volume |
43 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
339-346 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Family Relations; Female; *Grooming; Learning; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Social Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
A grooming posture previously reported for two wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities developed spontaneously in a captive group of the same species. This offered a unique opportunity to follow the propagation of a new social custom. The posture consists of two partners grasping hands--either both right hands or both left hands--and raising the arms in an A-frame above their heads while mutually grooming with their free hands. The propagation of this pattern was followed over a 5 year period. In the beginning, handclasps were always initiated by the same adult female. This female initiated the posture mainly with her adult female kin. In subsequent years, these relatives became frequent participants in the posture with each other as well as with nonrelatives. Over the years the posture increased in frequency and duration and spread to the majority of adults and also to a few adolescents and older juveniles. The pattern persisted after removal of the apparent originator. |
|
|
Address |
Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0275-2565 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:9403098 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
202 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Aureli, F.; de Waal, F.B. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Inhibition of social behavior in chimpanzees under high-density conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
|
|
Volume |
41 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
213-228 |
|
|
Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Crowding; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Population Density; *Social Environment; Stress, Psychological |
|
|
Abstract |
This is the first study to investigate the short-term effects of high population density on captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Subjects of the study were 45 chimpanzees living in five different groups at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center. The groups were observed under two conditions: 1) when they had access to both the indoor and outdoor sections of their enclosures; 2) during cold days when they were locked into the indoor runs, which reduced the available space by more than half. Under the high-density condition, allogrooming and submissive greetings decreased, but juvenile play increased. Remarkably, the rate of various forms of agonistic behavior, such as aggression, bluff charge, bluff display, and hooting, occurred less frequently under the high-density condition. This general decrease in adult social activity, including agonistic behavior, can be interpreted as an inhibition strategy to reduce opportunities for conflict when interindividual distances are reduced. This strategy is probably effective only in the short run, however. Behavioral indicators of anxiety, such as rough scratching and yawning, showed elevated rates, suggesting increased social tension under the high-density condition. |
|
|
Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0275-2565 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:9057966 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
203 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
|
|
Title |
Macaque social culture: development and perpetuation of affiliative networks |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
|
Volume |
110 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-154 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Peer Group; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Social Environment |
|
|
Abstract |
Maternal affiliative relations may be transmitted to offspring, similar to the way in which maternal rank determines offspring rank. The development of 23 captive female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until adulthood. A multivariate analysis compared relations among age peers with affiliative relations, kinship, and rank distance among mothers. Maternal relations were an excellent predictor of affiliative relations among daughters, explaining up to 64% of the variance. Much of this predictability was due to the effect of kinship. However, after this variable had been controlled, significant predictability persisted. For relations of female subjects with male peers, on the other hand, maternal relations had no significant predictive value beyond the effect of kinship. One possible explanation of these results is that young rhesus females copy maternal social preferences through a process of cultural learning. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8681528 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
204 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B. |
|
|
Title |
Intergroup grooming relations between alpha females in a population of free-ranging rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
|
|
Volume |
63 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
63-70 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Grooming; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Population Density; *Social Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
Intergroup affiliation among female rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, was examined in the captive free-ranging colony of Morgan Island, S.C., USA. The provisioned colony has many social groups (35) and is maintained at a relatively high population density (21 animals/ha) with a relatively low adult male to female ratio (1:8.8). Focal and ad libitum samples were collected on 32 adults (3 males and 29 females) from two groups. Although infrequent, grooming was observed between adult females from different groups, and alpha females were the main participants in these interactions. Colony records indicated that none of the intergroup grooms was between females formerly from a common group. Relations between familiar neighboring groups may be maintained by a combination of both affiliative and aggressive behavior. |
|
|
Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Lawrenceville, Ga 30243 |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0015-5713 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:7813977 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
208 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Roper, K.L.; Zentall, T.R. |
|
|
Title |
Directed forgetting in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Psychological bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Bull |
|
|
Volume |
113 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
513-532 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Columbidae; Conditioning (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders/*psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis |
|
|
Abstract |
Directed-forgetting research with animals suggests that animals show disrupted test performance only under certain conditions. Important variables are (a) whether during training, the cue to forget (F cue) signals nonreward (i.e., that the trial is over) versus reward (i.e., that reinforcement can be obtained) and (b) given that reinforcement can be obtained on F-cue trials, whether the post-F-cue response pattern is compatible with the baseline memory task. It is proposed that some findings of directed forgetting can be attributed to trained response biases, whereas others may be attributable perhaps to frustration-produced interference. It is suggested that directed forgetting in animals should be studied using procedures similar to those used to study directed forgetting in humans. This can be accomplished by presenting, within a trial, both to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten material. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0033-2909 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8316612 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
259 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
|
|
Title |
Optimal stimulation: a model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Psychological bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Bull |
|
|
Volume |
94 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
446-471 |
|
|
Keywords |
*Arousal; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*psychology; Autistic Disorder/*psychology; Behavior Therapy; Child; Humans |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0033-2909 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:6657825 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
264 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R.; Barack, R.C. |
|
|
Title |
Distraction as a function of within-task stimulation for hyperactive and normal children |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Journal of learning disabilities |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Learn Disabil |
|
|
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
540-548 |
|
|
Keywords |
*Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Color Perception; Female; Humans; Hyperkinesis/*psychology; Male; Motor Skills; *Task Performance and Analysis; Visual Perception |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0022-2194 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:731119 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
270 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Heitor, F.; do Mar Oom, M.; Vicente, L. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Social relationships in a herd of Sorraia horses Part I. Correlates of social dominance and contexts of aggression |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
|
|
Volume |
73 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
170-177 |
|
|
Keywords |
Age Factors; *Aggression; Animals; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Horses/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Dominance; *Social Environment; Statistics, Nonparametric |
|
|
Abstract |
Factors related to dominance rank and the functions of aggression were studied in a herd of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, under extensive management. Subjects were 10 adult mares 5-18 years old and a stallion introduced into the group for breeding. Dominance relationships among mares were clear, irrespective of rank difference, and remained stable after introduction of the stallion. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was positively correlated with age and total aggressiveness. Higher-ranking mares received lower frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions. Nevertheless, higher-ranking dominants were not more likely to elicit submission from their subordinates than lower-ranking dominants. Neither close-ranking mares nor mares with less clear dominance relationships were more aggressive towards each other. Agonistic interactions seemed to be used more importantly in regulation of space than to obtain access to food or to reassert dominance relationships. Contexts of aggression were related to mare rank. The results suggest that dominance relationships based on age as a conventional criterion were established to reduce aggressiveness in a herd where the costs of aggression are likely to outweigh the benefits. |
|
|
Address |
Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0376-6357 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:16815645 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
292 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Flack, J.C.; Girvan, M.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Krakauer, D.C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
|
Volume |
439 |
Issue |
7075 |
Pages |
426-429 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina/*physiology/*psychology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
All organisms interact with their environment, and in doing so shape it, modifying resource availability. Termed niche construction, this process has been studied primarily at the ecological level with an emphasis on the consequences of construction across generations. We focus on the behavioural process of construction within a single generation, identifying the role a robustness mechanism--conflict management--has in promoting interactions that build social resource networks or social niches. Using 'knockout' experiments on a large, captive group of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), we show that a policing function, performed infrequently by a small subset of individuals, significantly contributes to maintaining stable resource networks in the face of chronic perturbations that arise through conflict. When policing is absent, social niches destabilize, with group members building smaller, less diverse, and less integrated grooming, play, proximity and contact-sitting networks. Instability is quantified in terms of reduced mean degree, increased clustering, reduced reach, and increased assortativity. Policing not only controls conflict, we find it significantly influences the structure of networks that constitute essential social resources in gregarious primate societies. The structure of such networks plays a critical role in infant survivorship, emergence and spread of cooperative behaviour, social learning and cultural traditions. |
|
|
Address |
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition ![sorted by Expedition field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:16437106 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
298 |
|
Permanent link to this record |