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Author |
Boyd, L. |
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Title |
Behavior problems of equids in zoos |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
653-664 |
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Keywords |
Aerophagy/veterinary; Aggression/psychology; Animals; *Animals, Zoo; *Behavior, Animal; Coprophagia/psychology; Female; *Horses; Impotence/veterinary; Male; Mastication; Motor Activity; *Perissodactyla; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment |
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Abstract |
Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals. |
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0749-0739 |
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PMID:3492252 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
660 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. |
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Title |
Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
202-216 |
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Keywords |
Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior |
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Abstract |
Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. |
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0044-3573 |
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Notes |
PMID:961125 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
661 |
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Author |
Cancedda, M. |
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Title |
[Social and behavioral organization of horses on the Giara (Sardinia): distribution and aggregation] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1089-1096 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Environment; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Italy; Male; Population Density; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Water |
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In this paper some considerations on the environment of the 42 Kmq of the volcanic-basaltic Giara tableland are discussed. Conditioning by the environment and its effect on the distribution of a population of 712 horses is illustrated in view of their social and behavioural organization. |
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Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Speciale, Universita di Sassari |
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Italian |
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Introduzione all'organizzazione sociale e comportamentale dei cavallini sulla Giara (Sardegna): distribuzione ed aggregazione |
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0037-8771 |
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Notes |
PMID:2095819 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
673 |
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Author |
Beaver, B.V. |
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Title |
Aggressive behavior problems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
635-644 |
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Keywords |
Affect; Aggression/*psychology; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; Fear; *Horses; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment |
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Abstract |
Accurate diagnosis of the cause of aggression in horses is essential to determining the appropriate course of action. The affective forms of aggression include fear-induced, pain-induced, intermale, dominance, protective, maternal, learned, and redirected aggressions. Non-affective aggression includes play and sex-related forms. Irritable aggression and hypertestosteronism in mares are medical problems, whereas genetic factors, brain dysfunction, and self-mutilation are also concerns. |
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0749-0739 |
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Notes |
PMID:3492250 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
674 |
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Author |
Keiper, R.R. |
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Title |
Social structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
465-484 |
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Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dominance-Subordination; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Homing Behavior; *Horses; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
Socially feral horses live in stable social groups characterized by one adult male, a number of adult females, and their offspring up to 2 years of age. Extra males either live by themselves or with other males in bachelor groups. The bands occupy nondefended home ranges that often overlap. Many abnormal behaviors seen in domestic horses occur because some aspect of their normal social behavior cannot be carried out in captivity. |
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0749-0739 |
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Notes |
PMID:3492240 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
675 |
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Author |
Craig, J.V. |
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Title |
Measuring social behavior: social dominance |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1120-1129 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Chickens; Competitive Behavior; Female; Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Swine |
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Abstract |
Social dominance develops more slowly when young animals are kept in intact peer groups where they need not compete for resources. Learned generalizations may cause smaller and weaker animals to accept subordinate status readily when confronted with strangers that would be formidable opponents. Sexual hormones and sensitivity to them can influence the onset of aggression and status attained. After dominance orders are established, they tend to be stable in female groups but are less so in male groups. Psychological influences can affect dominance relationships when strangers meet and social alliances within groups may affect relative status of individuals. Whether status associated with agonistic behavior is correlated with control of space and scarce resources needs to be determined for each species and each kind of resource. When such correlations exists, competitive tests and agonistic behavior associated with gaining access to scarce resources can be useful to the observer in learning about dominance relationships rapidly. Examples are given to illustrate how estimates of social dominance can be readily attained and some strengths and weaknesses of the various methods. |
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0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:3519554 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
676 |
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Author |
Beaver, B.V. |
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Title |
Problems & values associated with dominance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Med Small Anim Clin |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1129-1131 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; *Social Dominance; Swine |
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ISSN |
0042-4889 |
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Notes |
PMID:6914851 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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678 |
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Author |
Collery, L. |
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Title |
Observations of equine animals under farm and feral conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
170-173 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Breeding; Circadian Rhythm; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Puberty; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:4473340 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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680 |
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Author |
Kiley, M. |
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Title |
The vocalizations of ungulates, their causation and function |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-222 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Artiodactyla; Cattle; Fear; Female; Frustration; Horses; Humans; Male; Pain; *Perissodactyla; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine; *Vocalization, Animal |
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0044-3573 |
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Notes |
PMID:4674022 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
681 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
1000 |
Issue |
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32-55 |
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Keywords |
Acoustics; *Affect; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Intention; Posture; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Historically, a dichotomy has been drawn between the semantic communication of human language and the apparently emotional calls of animals. Current research paints a more complicated picture. Just as scientists have identified elements of human speech that reflect a speaker's emotions, field experiments have shown that the calls of many animals provide listeners with information about objects and events in the environment. Like human speech, therefore, animal vocalizations simultaneously provide others with information that is both semantic and emotional. In support of this conclusion, we review the results of field experiments on the natural vocalizations of African vervet monkeys, diana monkeys, baboons, and suricates (a South African mongoose). Vervet and diana monkeys give acoustically distinct alarm calls in response to the presence of leopards, eagles, and snakes. Each alarm call type elicits a different, adaptive response from others nearby. Field experiments demonstrate that listeners compare these vocalizations not just according to their acoustic properties but also according to the information they convey. Like monkeys, suricates give acoustically distinct alarm calls in response to different predators. Within each predator class, the calls also differ acoustically according to the signaler's perception of urgency. Like speech, therefore, suricate alarm calls convey both semantic and emotional information. The vocalizations of baboons, like those of many birds and mammals, are individually distinctive. As a result, when one baboon hears a sequence of calls exchanged between two or more individuals, the listener acquires information about social events in its group. Baboons, moreover, are skilled “eavesdroppers:” their response to different call sequences provides evidence of the sophisticated information they acquire from other individuals' vocalizations. Baboon males give loud “wahoo” calls during competitive displays. Like other vocalizations, these highly emotional calls provide listeners with information about the caller's dominance rank, age, and competitive ability. Although animal vocalizations, like human speech, simultaneously encode both semantic and emotional information, they differ from language in at least one fundamental respect. Although listeners acquire rich information from a caller's vocalization, callers do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. Listeners acquire information as an inadvertent consequence of signaler behavior. |
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Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:14766619 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
688 |
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