| Records |
| Author |
Giraldeau, L.A.; Beauchamp, G. |
| Title |
Food exploitation: searching for the optimal joining policy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Trends In Ecology And Evolution |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
102-106 |
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| Abstract |
Commonly invoked foraging advantages of group membership include increased mean food intake rates and/or reduced variance in foraging success. These foraging advantages rely on the occurrence of 'joining': feeding from food discovered or captured by others. Joining occurs in most social species but the assumptions underlying its analysis have been clarified only recently, giving rise to two classes of model: information-sharing and producer-scrounger models. Recent experimental evidence suggests that joining in ground-feeding birds might be best analysed as a producer-scrounger game, with some intriguing consequences for the spatial distribution of foragers and patch exploitation. |
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Dept of Biology, Concordia University, 1455 Ouest Blvd de Maisonneuve, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1M8 |
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English |
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0169-5347 |
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PMID:10322509 |
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no |
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2137 |
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| Author |
Langbein, J.; Nurnberg, G.; Puppe, B.; Manteuffel, G. |
| Title |
Self-Controlled Visual Discrimination Learning of Group-Housed Dwarf Goats (Capra hircus): Behavioral Strategies and Effects of Relocation on Learning and Memory |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume |
120 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
58-66 |
| Keywords |
dwarf goats; visual discrimination; operant learning; learning strategies; context |
| Abstract |
In most studies on animal learning, individual animals are tested separately in a specific learning environment and with a limited number of trials per day. An alternative approach is to test animals in a familiar environment in their social group. In this study, the authors--applying a fully automated learning device--investigated voluntary, self-controlled visual shape discrimination learning of group-housed dwarf goats (Capra hircus). The majority of the tested goats showed successful shape discrimination, which indicates the adaptive value of an effective learning strategy. However, in each group, a few individual goats developed behavioral strategies different from shape discrimination to get reward. Relocation impairs memory retrieval (probably by attention shifting) only temporarily for previously learnt shapes. The results demonstrate the usefulness of a self-controlled learning paradigm to assess learning abilities of social species in their normal social settings. This may be especially relevant for captive animals to improve their welfare. |
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2140 |
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| Author |
Powell, G.V.N. |
| Title |
Experimental analysis of the social value of flocking by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
501-505 |
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| Abstract |
In groups of ten, indidual starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, spent significantly less time in surveillance than did individuals in smaller groups and responded more quickly than single birds to a flying model hawk. Captive starlings in flocks reduce their individual surveillance efforts, but their combined efforts still enable them to be more effective than single birds in the detection of predators. Foraging behaviour of flocks was observed by placing single starlings with groups of tricoloured blackbirds, Agelaius tricolor; the starlings reduced the time they devoted to surveillance at the same rate as if they were with other starlings. |
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2147 |
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| Author |
Heyes, C.; Galef, B.G. (eds) |
| Title |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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Book Whole |
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1996 |
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Academic Press, Inc. |
Place of Publication |
San Diego, CA |
Editor |
Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G. |
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978-0122739651 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
Serial |
2174 |
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| Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, G.J. |
| Title |
Predator inspection, shoaling and foraging under predation hazard in the Trinidadian guppy,Poecilia reticulata |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Environmental Biology of Fishes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
265-276 |
| Keywords |
Antipredation – Social group – Feeding – Predation risk – Trade-off – Fish |
| Abstract |
Guppies,Poecilia reticulata, living in stream pools in Trinidad, West Indies, approached a potential fish predator (a cichlid fish model) in a tentative, saltatory manner, mainly as singletons or in pairs. Such behavior is referred to as predator inspection behavior. Inspectors approached the trunk and tail of the predator model more frequently, more closely and in larger groups than they approached the predator's head, which is presumably the most dangerous area around the predator. However, guppies were not observed in significantly larger shoals in the stream when the predator model was present. In a stream enclosure, guppies inspected the predator model more frequently when it was stationary compared to when it was moving, and made closer inspections to the posterior regions of the predator than to its head. Therefore, the guppies apparently regarded the predator model as a potential threat and modified their behavior accordingly when inspecting it. Guppies exhibited a lower feeding rate in the presence of the predator, suggesting a trade-off between foraging gains and safety against predation. Our results further suggest that predator inspection behavior may account for some of this reduction in foraging. These findings are discussed in the context of the benefits and costs of predator inspection behavior. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2176 |
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| Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, J.-G.J. |
| Title |
Female mate copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): age-dependent effects |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
289-292 |
| Keywords |
mate choice, copying, guppy, Poecilia reticulata |
| Abstract |
Virtually all studies of mate choice to date have assumed that females choose mates independent of one another. Social cues, however, such as the mate choice of conspecifics, may also play an important role in such decisions. Previous work has shown that female guppies of similar age copy each other's choice of mates. Here we examine the effect of relative age on mate choice copying in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and examine whether younger individuals are more likely to copy the mate choice of older conspecifics than vice versa. Results indicate that younger females copy the mate choice of older females, but older individuals do not appear to be influenced by the mate choice of younger individuals. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2181 |
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| Author |
Syme, G.J.; Pollard, J.S.; Syme, L.A.; Reid, R.M. |
| Title |
An analysis of the limited access measure of social dominance in rats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
486-500 |
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The limited access situation in which only one of two or more subjects can gain access to a reward during a restricted time-period is an accepted measure of dominance in the rat. This study attempts to validate the technique by establishing the relationship between individual and competitive performance in order to determine whether `priority of access' has been measured. The generality of the competitive orders is examined by altering the competitive response while retaining the same reward. In view of the data collected for both time and weight-gain measures in food and water competition it is doubtful whether the limited access competitive technique can be considered a valid measure of dominance for the laboratory rat. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2187 |
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| Author |
Syme, G.J. |
| Title |
Competitive orders as measures of social dominance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
Part 4 |
Pages |
931-940 |
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The use of competitive orders as measures of social dominance is examined, the conclusion being that such use is based on the assumption of the unidimensionality of social dominance. Evidence is presented to show that this is not always the case. Consequently it is suggested that each competitive order must be validated in terms of its measurement of priority of access and response requirements (internal validity) as well as its generality (external validity) before it can be regarded as a dominance measure. Problems of the validity of aggression orders as measures of social dominance are also examined along with their relationship to competitive orders. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2188 |
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| Author |
Anderson, G.D.; Talbot, L.M. |
| Title |
Soil factors affecting distribution of the grassland types and their utilization by wild animals on the Serengeti Plains |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Ecol |
| Volume |
53 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2216 |
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Anderson, G.D.; Herlocker,D.J. |
| Title |
Soil factors affecting the distribution of the vegetation types and their utilization by wild animals in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Ecol |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
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Pages |
627-651 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2217 |
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