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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Krueger, K.; Hollenhorst, H.; Schuetz, A.; Weil, S. isbn  openurl
  Title Social learning and innovative learning in horses. Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Xenophon Publishing Place of Publication Wald Editor (down) K. Krueger  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-95625-000-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5956  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jerison H. J. openurl 
  Title Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology Type Book Whole
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor (down) Jerison H. J., Jerison, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6402  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Moss, C.J.; Poole, J.H. isbn  openurl
  Title Relationships and social structure in African elephants. Type Book Chapter
  Year 1983 Publication Primate social relationships: an integrated approach. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Blackwell Science Ltd Place of Publication Editor (down) Hinde, R.A.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-0632009992 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4426  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Harcourt, A. H. isbn  openurl
  Title Coalitions and alliances: are primates more complex than non-primates? Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor (down) Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 0-19-854273-9 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5440  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Klingel, H. openurl 
  Title Odd-toed Ungulates, Horses Type Book Chapter
  Year 1989 Publication Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 550+557-594  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication McGraw Hill Editor (down) Grzimek, B.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1320  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Donner, H.D. isbn  openurl
  Title Grundausbildung für Reiter und Pferd Type Book Whole
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ausbildung; Dressurreiten; Geländereiten; Grundausbildung; Pferd; Pferdesport; Reiten; Reitsport; Sportausrüstung; Springreiten  
  Abstract Verf. gibt einen Ueberblick ueber: 1) Grundausbildung des Reiters: a) Vorbedingungen fuer eine erfolgreiche Ausbildung, b) Sitz und Sitzschulung, c) Einwirkung des Reiters, d) Reiten von Grunduebungen und Dressurlektionen, e) Springausbildung, f) Gelaendereiten sowie 2) Grundausbildung des Pferdes: a) Grundkenntnisse fuer den Ausbilder ueber Charakter und Wesen des Pferdes, Grundsaetze und Erziehung, anatomisch-physiologische Voraussetzungen, b) Allgemeine Grundausbildung, c) Grundausbildung im Springen und im Gelaende, d) Arbeit mit Pferden mit Gebaeude- und Temperamentsfehlern. Schiffer  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher FN-Verl. d. Dt. Reiterlichen Vereinigung Place of Publication Warendorf Editor (down) Donner, H.D.; Specht, D.  
  Language deu Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition 25. Aufl.  
  ISSN ISBN 9783885421740 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pu198801031394 Serial 5972  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Davis, H.; Balfour, D. (eds) url  isbn
openurl 
  Title The Inevitable Bond: Examining Scientist-Animal Interactions Type Book Whole
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Book Description

Although animals are widely employed as research subjects, it is only recently that we have acknowledged the bond that frequently, perhaps inevitably, develops between subject and researcher. Whatever the qualities of this relationship, an increasing body of evidence suggests that it may result in profound behavioural and physiological changes in the animal subject. Such effects are apparent in behavioural studies conducted in both laboratory and field settings. They also appear in physiological studies ranging from the biomedical (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, immunological changes) to animal science (e.g. growth, reproduction). Such effects are not confined to obvious cases involving primates and dogs, but appear in unexpected animals like chickens, reptiles and even octopuses. Despite the fact that most researchers are trained to minimise or avoid such interactions, they continue to occur. This book, the first of its kind to address this issue systematically, describes many examples of this “inevitable bond” between scientist and animal. This discussion will allow researchers to anticipate these potentially confounding effects and take advantage of such relationships in designing more effective and humane environments for animal subjects.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, Massachusetts Editor (down) Davis, H.; Balfour, D.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-0521405102 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3595  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Flauger, B.; Krueger, K.; Gerhards, H.; Moestl, E. isbn  openurl
  Title Measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in horse faeces: the validation of different group specific enzymeimmunoassays and extraction methods. Type Book Chapter
  Year 2009 Publication Proceeding of the 102. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft (DZG). Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 166  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Dt. Zoologische Ges Place of Publication München Editor (down) Cremer,S.;Schrempf,A.;Heinze,J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-00-028368-0 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5718  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hunt, G.R.; Gray R.D.; Taylor, A.H. openurl 
  Title Why is tool use rare in animals? Type Book Whole
  Year 2013 Publication Tool Use in Animals: Cognition and Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, MA. Editor (down) anz C, Call J, Boesch C  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6658  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Winwright, D.; Elston, H.; Hall, C. pdf  openurl
  Title The impact of paddock design on the behaviour of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting Abbreviated Journal Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Horses, social behaviour, management, housing, paddock  
  Abstract The design of a captive environment should facilitate the expression of the natural behavioural repertoire of the species concerned. The domestic horse (Equus caballus) is a social, herd dwelling species that is often housed in isolation from con-specifics or kept in groups in paddock enclosures. Although the latter allows for social interaction and does not restrict movement per se, it may not promote natural activity patterns or group cohesion. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of two different paddock designs on the behaviour of a stable group of horses (n=6: 2 mares, 4 geldings).

The paddock designs tested were adjacent and grassed similarly, but configured differently. A central paddock (75 x 75m) designated NT, was surrounded by a track 1.6-5.5m wide, designated T. The horses were turned out in their group into T or NT for 3 consecutive days. Their behaviour was recorded for one hour three times each day (10.00, 13.00, 16.00 hrs). Within each observation period of one hour focal sampling was used, each individual horse being observed for a 10 minute period. They were then moved to the other enclosure type for a further 3 consecutive days, followed by a repeat of each condition. When turned out the horses were fitted with a global positioning system device (Garmin Forerunner 305) to monitor distance travelled and speed for the period 10.00-17.00 hrs. The mean percentage of time spent in each behavioural state (standing alert, standing resting, walk/trot, grazing, lying, social interaction) during the periods observed was calculated. Behaviour during social interactions was classified as either affiliative (approach, follow, friendly contacts, mutual grooming) or agonistic (approach and retreat, bite, chase, head threat).

The horses travelled significantly further in T than in NT (paired samples t-test: t (5) = 11.74, p<0.001) and moved significantly faster (Wilcoxon signed rank test: z = -2.21, p=0.03). See Table 1. When the percentage of time spent in each behavioural state in T and NT was compared some significant differences were found. A significantly higher percentage of time was spent active (walking /trotting) in T than in NT (paired samples t-test: t (5) = 5.74, p=0.002). Standing alert was only recorded in T (paired samples t-test: t (5) = 3.48, p=0.02). A significantly higher percentage of time was spent grazing in NT than in T (paired samples t-test: t (5) = -3.58, p=0.016). Significantly more social interaction occurred in T than in NT (paired samples t-test: t (5) = 5.93, p=0.002). See Figure 1. In T, 91% of social interactions were affiliative and 9% agonistic, whereas in NT 29% were affiliative and 71% agonistic. No difference was found in the percentage of time spent standing resting or lying down in T and NT.

The benefits of housing horses in groups as opposed to individually have been demonstrated in previous studies. In addition to better satisfying the behavioural needs of the horse it has been found that group housed horses adapt more easily to training and display less undesirable behaviour than those housed individually (Rivera et al. 2002; Søndergaard and Ladewig 2004; Visser et al. 2008). However, individual housing is frequently selected by horse owners in preference to group housing to avoid the risk of injury during agonistic encounters. Fureix et al. (2012) suggest that management practices may well contribute to aggressiveness in horses and that the conditions under which we keep horses should be reviewed. The findings of the present study indicate that the design of the enclosure in which groups of horses are kept affects the nature of social interactions. The T paddock design resulted in reduced intra-group aggression. However, this paddock design also reduced the time spent grazing and increased vigilant behaviour. Although the results demonstrate that a paddock system including tracks may facilitate group cohesion and more natural movement patterns, the long-term impact on behaviour and welfare requires further investigation.

References:

Fureix C, Bourjade M, Henry S, Sankey C, Hausberger M. (2012). Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses (Equus caballus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 138: 216-228.

Rivera E, Benjamin S, Nielsen B, Shelle J, Zanella AJ. (2002). Behavioural and physiological response of horses to initial training: the comparison between pastured versus stalled horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 78: 235–252.

Søndergaard E, Ladewig J. (2004). Group housing exerts a positive effect on the behaviour of young horses during training. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 87: 105-118.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Hall, C. Thesis  
  Publisher Xenophon Publishing Place of Publication Wald Editor (down) ; Krueger, K.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-3-95625-000-2 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Id - Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5895  
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