| Records |
| Author |
Oakenfull, E.A.; Ryder, O.A. |
| Title |
Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
456-459 |
| Keywords |
Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics; Female; *Genetic Variation; Horses/*genetics; Male; Pedigree; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics |
| Abstract |
Variation in the control region and the 12S rRNA gene of all surviving mitochondrial lineages of Przewalski's horse was investigated. Variation is low despite the present day population being descended from 13 individuals probably representing animals from three different regions of its range. Phylogenetic comparison of these sequences, with sequences for the domestic horse, does not resolve the ancestral status of either horse. |
| Address |
Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA 92112, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0268-9146 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9883508 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5040 |
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| Author |
Ishida, N.; Oyunsuren, T.; Mashima, S.; Mukoyama, H.; Saitou, N. |
| Title |
Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalskii's wild horse and domestic horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of Molecular Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Mol Evol |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
180-188 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Base Sequence; Chromosomes; Conserved Sequence/genetics; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics; Evolution; Genetic Variation/*genetics; Horses/*genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; *Phylogeny; RNA, Transfer, Pro/genetics; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA |
| Abstract |
The noncoding region between tRNAPro and the large conserved sequence block is the most variable region in the mammalian mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. This variable region (ca. 270 bp) of four species of Equus, including Mongolian and Japanese native domestic horses as well as Przewalskii's (or Mongolian) wild horse, were sequenced. These data were compared with our recently published Thoroughbred horse mitochondrial DNA sequences. The evolutionary rate of this region among the four species of Equus was estimated to be 2-4 x 10(-8) per site per year. Phylogenetic trees of Equus species demonstrate that Przewalskii's wild horse is within the genetic variation among the domestic horse. This suggests that the chromosome number change (probably increase) of the Przewalskii's wild horse occurred rather recently. |
| Address |
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-2844 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:7666447 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5042 |
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| Author |
Momozawa, Y.; Kusunose, R.; Kikusui, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Mori, Y. |
| Title |
Assessment of equine temperament questionnaire by comparing factor structure between two separate surveys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
77-84 |
| Keywords |
Anxiety; Factor analysis; Horses; Questionnaires; Temperament |
| Abstract |
To establish a method for assessing equine temperament by use of a questionnaire, we carried out two surveys. The subject animals were all thoroughbreds maintained at the same farm. Respondents were the primary caretaker and two colleagues working with each horse. Factor analysis was performed on the responses to each survey. In both surveys, five factors were extracted and four of them were common between the two surveys. The common factors were [`]Anxiety', [`]Trainability', [`]Affability', and [`]Gate entrance'. There were sufficient internal consistencies in responses about [`]Anxiety', [`]Trainability', and [`]Affability' in the two surveys to indicate the validity of this questionnaire in evaluating these factors in equine temperament. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0168-1591 |
ISBN |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5063 |
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| Author |
Jezierski, T.; Jaworski, Z.; Górecka, A. |
| Title |
Effects of handling on behaviour and heart rate in Konik horses: comparison of stable and forest reared youngstock |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
| Keywords |
Handling; Behaviour; Heart rate; Horses; Rearing |
| Abstract |
Thirty foals and young Konik horses born in 3 consecutive years and reared up to weaning either in a forest reserve (R) or conventional stable (S) were compared with respect to behavioural reactions and heart rate (HR) during handling manipulations. The foals were randomly allocated within sex and rearing group to one of two handling treatments. Intensively handled (IH) foals received a 10-min handling, 5 days/week, beginning at the age of 2 weeks (S foals) or 10 months (R foals), and lasting up to the age of 24 months. During handling IH foals were haltered, touched, rubbed and their feet were picked up; non-handled (NH) foals were not handled except for routine or emergency veterinary care. The horses were tested at the age of approximately 6 months (S only) and 12, 18 and 24 months of age. In a test comprising catching the horse on a paddock, leading away from and towards the stable, picking up feet and being approached by an unfamiliar person, the horses' behaviour was scored and the HR was recorded telemetrically. The IH horses scored better as far as manageability behaviour is concerned (P<0.001) and demonstrated lower HR than the NH ones and the S horses scored better than R ones (P<0.001). Fillies demonstrated higher HR than colts (P=0.007). Youngstock of all groups tended to be less manageable at the age of 24 months than at 18 months. Differences between youngstock stemming from particular harems from the reserve seem to be related to differences in accidental contact with people visiting the forest reserve. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0168-1591 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5064 |
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| Author |
Scheidhacker, M.; Bender, W.; Vaitl, P. |
| Title |
Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Der Nervenarzt |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nervenarzt |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
283-287 |
| Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Animals; Attention; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; *Horses; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy/*methods; Schizophrenia/*rehabilitation; *Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept; *Sports |
| Abstract |
After describing horse-riding as a facility in managing mentally ill patients, a program for chronic schizophrenic in-patients is presented. Clinical experience with this program and also results of a controlled study are reported. The therapeutic value and slope for horse-riding are discussed in relation to different diagnoses. |
| Address |
Bezirkskrankenhaus Haar b. Munchen |
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| Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten. Experimentelle Ergebnisse und klinische Erfahrungen |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-2804 |
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| Notes |
[The effectiveness of therapeutic horseback-riding in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. Experimental results and clinical experiences] |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5067 |
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| Author |
Gabor, V.; Gerken, M. |
| Title |
Horses use procedural learning rather than conceptual learning to solve matching to sample |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
126 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
119-124 |
| Keywords |
Horses; Concept learning; Visual discrimination; Cognition; Experimental design; Procedural learning |
| Abstract |
Research into higher cognitive abilities of the horse may be limited by developing the adequate experimental design. In this study four pony mares between 8 and 19 years old were included. Three of them reached the criterion to be tested in a new design of matching to sample using a black circle and a cross as visual cues attached to an apparatus. The attention was directed to the question of whether the animals are able to concept formation in a given time period or if their decisions depend on other cues or strategies. After familiarization to the testing area and the test procedure, the animals were given 27 sessions of 20 trials each during 14 weeks. While there was no preference for one of the stimuli used, horses showed a significant left sidedness. None of the mares reached the learning criterion of 80% correct answers in one session. However, the ponies showed procedural learning based on correction runs that were given between incorrect decisions, by then selecting the correct stimulus on the other side of the apparatus. This learning type arose in three individuals in session four, six and eleven, respectively. It is concluded that discrimination tasks may be biased by the involvement of unexpected learning strategies, which complicates the interpretation of such tests and may even mask possible conceptualization capabilities. |
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Edition |
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0168-1591 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5157 |
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| Author |
Hedberg, Y.; Dalin, A.-M.; Ohagen, P.; Holm, K.R.; Kindahl, H. |
| Title |
Effect of oestrous-cycle stage on the response of mares in a novel object test and isolation test |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Reprod Domest Anim |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
480-488 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cross-Over Studies; Diestrus/*physiology; Estrus/*physiology; Female; Heart Rate/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Questionnaires |
| Abstract |
In various species, sex, hormonal treatments and oestrous-cycle stage have been shown to affect the animal's response in behavioural tests. Few such studies have been performed in the horse. The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether oestrous-cycle stage affects mares' response to a novel object test and isolation test and, in part, to study whether mares, assumed to suffer from oestrous-related behavioural problems, respond differently in these tests when compared with controls. Twelve mares were tested twice, in oestrus and dioestrus, in a crossover design. Seven behavioural and two heart rate variables were measured for the novel object test and two heart rate variables for the isolation test. Oestrous-cycle stage and whether a mare was classified as a 'problem' mare did not affect the mare's response. However, test order, i.e. the cycle stage a mare was tested in first, affected its reaction. This effect could partly be explained by significant differences between test occasions 1 and 2 in three behavioural variables and one heart rate variable (p < 0.05) in the novel object test. The mares explored the novel object more and had a higher mean heart rate in the first test. Exploring the novel object more could largely be attributed to those mares tested in dioestrus first, perhaps indicating that the mares in oestrus were less receptive to the novel object. The reason for the differences between test occasions could be an effect of learning or habituation. |
| Address |
Division of Comparative Reproduction, Obstetrics and Udder Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. ylva.hedberg@kv.slu.se |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0936-6768 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:16149956 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5170 |
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Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
| Title |
Hearing in large mammals: Horses (Equus caballus) and cattle (Bos taurus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
97 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
299-309 |
| Keywords |
auditory range & sensitivity, horses vs cattle |
| Abstract |
Determined behavioral audiograms for 3 horses and 2 cows. Horses' hearing ranged from 55 Hz to 33.3 kHz, with a region of best sensitivity from 1 to 16 kHz. Cattle hearing ranged from 23 Hz to 35 kHz, with a well-defined point of best sensitivity at 8 kHz. Of the 2 species, cattle proved to have more acute hearing, with a lowest threshold of –21 db (re 20 μN/m–2) compared with the horses' lowest threshold of 7 db. Comparative analysis of the hearing abilities of these 2 species with those of other mammals provides further support for the relation between interaural distance and high-frequency hearing and between high- and low-frequency hearing. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) |
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American Psychological Association |
Place of Publication |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1983-29540-001 |
Serial |
5633 |
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| Author |
Slater, C.; Dymond, S. |
| Title |
Using differential reinforcement to improve equine welfare: Shaping appropriate truck loading and feet handling |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
86 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
329-339 |
| Keywords |
Positive reinforcement; Differential reinforcement; Shaping; Autoshaping; sign tracking; Common handling; Multiple baseline; Changing criterion; Horses |
| Abstract |
Inappropriate behavior during common handling procedures with horses is often subject to aversive treatment. The present study replicated and extended previous findings using differential reinforcement to shape appropriate equine handling behavior. In Study 1, a multiple baseline across subjects design was used with four horses to determine first the effects of shaping target-touch responses and then successive approximations of full truck loading under continuous and intermittent schedules of reinforcement. Full loading responses were shaped and maintained in all four horses and occurrences of inappropriate behaviors reduced to zero. Generalization of the loading response was also observed to both a novel trainer and trailer. In Study 2, a changing criterion design was used to increase the duration of feet handling with one horse. The horse's responding reached the terminal duration criterion of 1 min and showed consistent generalization and one-week maintenance. Overall, the results of both studies support the use of applied equine training systems based on positive reinforcement for increasing appropriate behavior during common handling procedures. |
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0376-6357 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5323 |
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| Author |
Kampmann, S.; Hampson, B.A.; Pollitt, C.C. |
| Title |
Population dynamics of feral horses (Equus caballus) following above-average rainfall in a semi-arid environment of Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Australian Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust Vet J |
| Volume |
91 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
482-487 |
| Keywords |
animal welfare; ecology; horses; reproduction; wildlife |
| Abstract |
Background Recent record rainfall in much of semi-arid Central Australia is the most likely reason for a feral horse population increase in excess of normal. Uncontrolled numbers of feral horses have habitat degradation and animal welfare implications. Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the social structure of feral horses and assess their population growth rate following unseasonably high rainfall. Methods The study area was 4000 km2 of unmanaged, semi-arid country in Central Australia (latitude 24.50°S, longitude 132.10°E). Horses were identified by descriptive features from ground searches, movement-activated cameras and ‘hides’ positioned at key water holes. Wherever possible, sex and age categories were documented. Population growth rate was estimated by the number of foals divided by the number of horses older than 1 year in the observed population. Results A total of 1424 horses were identified and categorised, of which 335 were foals born within the current year. Only 123 juveniles were identified. Of the adult horses, 53.4% were male and 46.6% were female and this differed from parity (P = 0.04). Of the mares, 71.9% had a foal at foot and the population growth rate was 29.5%. Conclusions With a sustained population growth rate of 29.5%, this population of feral horses will more than double within 3 years. The high population increase will likely have a detrimental effect on native fauna and flora and the fragile, semi-arid ecosystems of Central Australia. After a period of high rainfall and plentiful resources, ‘normal’ drought conditions will return and many feral horses will starve and die as they compete for limited resources. |
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1751-0813 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5747 |
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