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Author Schwenk, B.K.; Fürst, A.E.; Bischhofberger, A.S.
Title Traffic accident-related injuries in horses Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Pferdeheilkunde – Equine Medicine Abbreviated Journal Equine Med.
Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 192-199
Keywords traffic / horse / injury / body site / accident / trauma
Abstract Horses involved in road traffic accidents (RTAs) are commonly presented to veterinarians with varying types of injuries. The aim

of this study was describe the pattern and severity of traffic accident-related injuries in horses in a single hospital population. Medical

records of horses either hit by a motorized vehicle or involved in RTAs whilst being transported from 1993 to 2015 were retrospectively

reviewed and the following data was extracted: Signalement, hospitalisation time, month in which the accident happened, cause of the

accident, place of the accident and type of vehicle hitting the horse. Further the different body sites injured (head, neck, breast, fore limb,

abdomen, back and spine, pelvis and ileosacral region, hind limb, tail and genital region), the type of injury (wounds, musculoskeletal

lesions and internal lesions) and the presence of neurological signs were retrieved from the medical records. 34 horses hit by motorized

vehicles and 13 horses involved in RTAs whilst being transported were included in the study. Most of the accidents where horses were hit

by motorized vehicles occurred during December (14.7%) and October (14.7%), horses were most commonly hit by cars (85.3%) and the

majority of accidents occurred on main roads (26.5%). In 29.4% of the cases, horses had escaped from their paddock and then collided

with a motorized vehicle. Most of the accidents with horses involved in RTAs whilst being transported occurred during April (30.8%) and

June (23.1%). In 76.9% of the cases the accident happened on a freeway. In the horses hit by motorized vehicles the proximal hind limbs

were the body site most commonly affected (44.1%), followed by the proximal front limbs (38.2%) and the head (32.4%). When horses

were involved in RTAs whilst being transported the proximal fore limbs (61.5%), the proximal hind limbs (53.8%) and the distal hind limbs,

back and head (38.5% each) were the most common injured body sites. Wounds were the most common type of injury in both groups

(85.3% hit by motorized vehicle, 76.9% transported ones). In horses hit by a motorized vehicle 35.3% suffered from fractures, in 20.6%

a synovial structure was involved and in 5.9% a tendon lesion was present. 14.7% suffered from internal lesions and 14.7% showed neurologic

symptoms (40% peripheral, 60% central neurologic deficits). On the other hand, in horses involved in a RTA whilst being transported

30.8% suffered from fractures. There were no synovial structures injured and no tendon injuries were present. Furthermore there were

no internal lesions present and only one horse involved in a RTA showed central neurologic symptoms. Injuries of horses being hit by a

motorized vehicle were more severe than when horses were protected by a trailer and involved in a RTA whilst being transported. The study

has been able to identify the different injury types of traffic accident-related injuries in horses. Awareness of the nature of these injuries is

important, to avoid underestimation of their severity.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6207
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Author Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I.
Title Evidence for coevolution of sociality and relative brain size in three orders of mammals Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume 61 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pérez-Barbería2007 Serial 6221
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Author Van Schaik, C.P.; Burkart, J.M.
Title Social learning and evolution: the cultural intelligence hypothesis Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Philos Trans R Soc B Abbreviated Journal
Volume 366 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Schaik2011 Serial 6227
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Author Heyes, C.
Title What's social about social learning? Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication J Comp Psychol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 120 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Heyes2012 Serial 6228
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Author Van Horik, J.; Emery, N.
Title Evolution of cognition Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Horik2011 Serial 6230
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Author Shettleworth, S.J.
Title The evolution of comparative cognition: is the snark still a Boojum? Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Behav Processes Abbreviated Journal
Volume 80 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shettleworth2009 Serial 6231
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Author Kruska, D.
Title The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison) Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication J Zool Abbreviated Journal
Volume 239 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996 Serial 6234
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Author Kruska, D.C.T.
Title On the evolutionary significance of encephalization in some eutherian mammals: effects of adaptive radiation, domestication, and feralization Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Brain Behav Evol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 65 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska2005 Serial 6235
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Author Smaers, J.B.; Dechmann, D.K.N.; Goswami, A.; Soligo, C.; Safi, K.
Title Comparative analyses of evolutionary rates reveal different pathways to encephalization in bats, carnivorans, and primates Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Abbreviated Journal
Volume 109 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Smaers2012 Serial 6238
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Author Price, E.O.
Title Behavioral aspects of animal domestication Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Q Rev Biol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 59 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Price1984 Serial 6239
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