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Author |
Haughton Sh, C.B. |
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Title |
The fossil Equidae of south Africa |
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1931 |
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Ann South Afr Mus |
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28 |
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407-427 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1166 |
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Author |
Hoyt Df, T.C. |
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Title |
Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses |
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1981 |
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Nature |
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292 |
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239-240 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1205 |
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Izraely, H.; Choshniak, I.; Shkolnik, A.; Stevens, C.E.; Demment, M.W. |
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Title |
Factors determining the digestive efficiency of the domesticated donkey.(Equus Asinus Asinus ) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
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Q J Exp Physiol |
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Q J Exp Physiol |
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74 |
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1 |
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1-6 |
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Abstract |
Factors determining the digestive efficiency of donkeys were studied in animals fed either a low quality roughage (wheat straw: 77{middle dot}1% neutral detergent fibre, 2{middle dot}8% crude protein) or a high quality forage (alfalfa hay: 47{middle dot}5% neutral detergent fibre, 22{middle dot}7% crude protein). The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake when fed wheat straw was 1693 {+/-} 268 g animal-1 day-1, 10% higher than when fed alfalfa hay. Digestive coefficient of NDF and acid detergent fibre (ADF) when fed wheat straw amounted to 50{middle dot}9 {+/-} 4{middle dot}9 and 42{middle dot}0 {+/-} 4{middle dot}1% respectively. NDF and ADF apparent digestibilities and mean retention times (37{middle dot}7 {+/-} 1{middle dot}7 and 36{middle dot}4 {+/-} 3{middle dot}2 h respectively) were not significantly different (P [rang] 0{middle dot}05) between the two diets. The donkey appears to digest cell wall constituents as efficiently as the Bedouin goat when on low quality roughage, but less efficiently when fed alfalfa hay. Its energy digestibility is, however, as high as that reported for the Bedouin goat. The donkey's high energy digestibility is related to its capacity to digest soluble food components more efficiently than the ruminant. The mean retention time in the donkey is shorter than in the Bedouin goat and is consistent with its capacity to compensate for a lower quality diet by increasing its intake rate. Recycling of urea in donkeys maintained on wheat straw amounted to 75{middle dot}5 {+/-} 13{middle dot}0% of the entry rate. A decrease in the rate of renal urea filtration, coupled with an increase in the fraction reabsorbed, increased the retention of nitrogenous waste and permitted recycling of nitrogen into the gut. N1 - |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1216 |
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Author |
Nitschelm D, H.V.D.C. |
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The influence of chlormadinone acetate treatment on the concentration of some stereoids in the blood, on the ovarian activity and on.. |
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1977 |
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Tijdschr Diergeneesk |
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102 |
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861-872 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1419 |
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Author |
Nitschelm D, H.V.D.C. |
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The influence of chlormadinone acetate treatment on the concentration of some stereoids in the blood, on the ovarian activity, and on the sexual behaviour of the.. |
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1977 |
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Tijdschr Diergeneesk |
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102 |
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61-872 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1420 |
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PITRA, C.H.; STREICH, W.J.; REINSCH, A.; FICKEL, J. |
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Title |
Die Population des Somali-Wildesels (Equus africanus somalicus Sclater) in menschlicher Obhut: Demographische und genetische Aspekte |
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Journal Article |
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1995 |
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Zoologische Garten |
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Zool. Garten. |
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N.F. 65 |
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4 |
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245-257 |
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1472 |
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Robertshaw D, T.C. |
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Title |
Sweat gland function of the donkey |
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1969 |
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J Physiol |
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205 |
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79-89 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1509 |
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Ruffner Ga, C.S. |
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Age structure, condition, and reproduction of two burro (Equus asinus) populations from Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona |
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1979 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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235 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1534 |
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Author |
Heyes, C.M.; Dawson, G.R. |
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Title |
A demonstration of observational learning in rats using a bidirectional control |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
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Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q J Exp Psychol B |
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42 |
Issue |
1 |
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59-71 |
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appetite; attention; imitation; problem solving; psychomotor performance; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Imitative Behavior; Problem Solving; Psychomotor Performance |
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Hungry rats observed a conspecific demonstrator pushing a single manipulandum, a joystick, to the right or to the left for food reward and were then allowed access to the joystick from a different orientation. The effects of right-pushing vs left-pushing observation experience on (1) response acquisition, (2) reversal of a left-right discrimination, and (3) responding in extinction, were examined. Rats that had observed left-pushing made more left responses during acquisition than rats that had observed right-pushing, and rats that had observed demonstrators pushing in the direction that had previously been reinforced took longer to reach criterion reversal and made more responses in extinction than rats that had observed demonstrators pushing in the opposite direction to that previously reinforced. These results provide evidence that rats are capable of learning a response, or a response-reinforcer contingency, through conspecific observation. |
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University of Cambridge, U.K. |
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02724995 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 49; Export Date: 17 May 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Heyes, C.M. |
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1766 |
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Rapin, V.; Poncet, P.A.; Burger, D.; Mermod, C.; Richard, M.A. |
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[Measurement of the attention time in the horse] |
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2007 |
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Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde |
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Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
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149 |
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2 |
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77-83 |
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Age Factors; Animals; *Attention/physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Horses/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Memory/*physiology; Time Factors |
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A study carried out on 49 horses showed that it is possible to measure the attention time by operant conditioning. After teaching horses an instrumental task using a signal, we were then able to test their attention time by asking them to prolong it increasingly while setting success and failure criteria. Two tests were performed 3 weeks apart. The 2nd test was feasible without relearning, a proof of memory, and was repeatable, a proof of consistency in the attention time. A significant difference was observed between the 3 age groups. Young horses often performed very well during the 1st test but their attention dropped in the 2nd test while older horses were more stable with respect to attention and even increased it slightly. The study shows that there are individual differences but it was not possible to prove a significant influence of breed, gender and paternal influence. Consequently, learning appears to be one of the most interesting approaches for evaluating the attention of horses and for observing their behaviour. |
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Laboratoire d'Ecoethologie, Universite de Neuchatel, Suisse. veronique.rapin@unine.ch |
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French |
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Mesure de la duree d'attention chez le cheval |
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0036-7281 |
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PMID:17343134 |
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1770 |
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