| Records |
| Author |
Curtis, S.E.; Stricklin, W.R. |
| Title |
The importance of animal cognition in agricultural animal production systems: an overview |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
69 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
5001-5007 |
| Keywords |
*Agriculture; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Heat; Helplessness, Learned; Housing, Animal/standards; Immobilization; Nesting Behavior; Pain/psychology/veterinary |
| Abstract |
To describe and then fulfill agricultural animals' needs, we must learn more about their fundamental psychological and behavioral processes. How does this animal feel? Is that animal suffering? Will we ever be able to know these things? Scientists specializing in animal cognition say that there are numerous problems but that they can be overcome. Recognition by scientists of the notion of animal awareness has been increasing in recent years, because of the work of Griffin and others. Feeling, thinking, remembering, and imagining are cognitive processes that are factors in the economic and humane production of agricultural animals. It has been observed that the animal welfare debate depends on two controversial questions: Do animals have subjective feelings? If they do, can we find indicators that reveal them? Here, indirect behavioral analysis approaches must be taken. Moreover, the linear additivity of several stressor effects on a variety of animal traits suggests that some single phenomenon is acting as a “clearinghouse” for many or all of the stresses acting on an animal at any given time, and this phenomenon might be psychological stress. Specific situations animals may encounter in agricultural production settings are discussed with respect to the animals' subjective feelings. |
| Address |
University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 |
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| Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
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| Notes |
PMID:1808193 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number  |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2754 |
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| Author |
Arluke, A. |
| Title |
The use of dogs in medical and veterinary training: understanding and approaching student uneasiness |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
197-204 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Experimentation; Animals; *Animals, Laboratory; Cadaver; Comprehension; Dogs; Education, Veterinary/*ethics/*methods; Humans; Massachusetts; Schools, Veterinary; Students, Medical/*psychology; Biomedical and Behavioral Research |
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| Address |
Tajen Institute of Technology, Taiwan. a.arluke@neu.edu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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| ISSN |
1088-8705 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15498727; KIE: KIE Bib: animal experimentation |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2755 |
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| Author |
Washburn, D.A.; Smith, J.D.; Shields, W.E. |
| Title |
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) immediately generalize the uncertain response |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
185-189 |
| Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Cognition; *Discrimination Learning; *Generalization (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; *Uncertainty |
| Abstract |
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) have learned, like humans, to use an uncertain response adaptively under test conditions that create uncertainty, suggesting a metacognitive process by which human and nonhuman primates may monitor their confidence and alter their behavior accordingly. In this study, 4 rhesus monkeys generalized their use of the uncertain response, without additional training, to 2 familiar tasks (2-choice discrimination learning and mirror-image matching to sample) that predictably and demonstrably produce uncertainty. The monkeys were significantly less likely to use the uncertain response on trials in which the answer might be known. These results indicate that monkeys, like humans, know when they do not know and that they can learn to use a symbol as a generalized means for indicating their uncertainty. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30303, USA. dwashhburn@gsu.edu |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16634662 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2760 |
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| Author |
Brannon, E.M.; Cantlon, J.F.; Terrace, H.S. |
| Title |
The role of reference points in ordinal numerical comparisons by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
120-134 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Discrimination (Psychology); *Generalization (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Mathematics; *Pattern Recognition, Visual |
| Abstract |
Two experiments examined ordinal numerical knowledge in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Experiment 1 replicated the finding (E. M. Brannon & H. S. Terrace, 2000) that monkeys trained to respond in descending numerical order (4-->3-->2-->1) did not generalize the descending rule to the novel values 5-9 in contrast to monkeys trained to respond in ascending order. Experiment 2 examined whether the failure to generalize a descending rule was due to the direction of the training sequence or to the specific values used in the training sequence. Results implicated 3 factors that characterize a monkey's numerical comparison process: Weber's law, knowledge of ordinal direction, and a comparison of each value in a test pair with the reference point established by the first value of the training sequence. |
| Address |
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. brannon@duke.edu |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16634655 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2761 |
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| Author |
Beran, M.J.; Smith, J.D.; Redford, J.S.; Washburn, D.A. |
| Title |
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) monitor uncertainty during numerosity judgments |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
111-119 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Judgment; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Mathematics; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Uncertainty |
| Abstract |
Two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) judged arrays of dots on a computer screen as having more or fewer dots than a center value that was never presented in trials. After learning a center value, monkeys were given an uncertainty response that let them decline to make the numerosity judgment on that trial. Across center values (3-7), errors occurred most often for sets adjacent in numerosity to the center value. The monkeys also used the uncertainty response most frequently on these difficult trials. A 2nd experiment showed that monkeys' responses reflected numerical magnitude and not the surface-area illumination of the displays. This research shows that monkeys' uncertainty-monitoring capacity extends to the domain of numerical cognition. It also shows monkeys' use of the purest uncertainty response possible, uncontaminated by any secondary motivator. |
| Address |
Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16634654 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2762 |
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| Author |
Vlamings, P.H.J.M.; Uher, J.; Call, J. |
| Title |
How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed contingency task: the effects of food quantity and food visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
60-70 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; *Food; Gorilla gorilla/*psychology; *Learning; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pongo pygmaeus/*psychology; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
S. T. Boysen and G. G. Berntson (1995) found that chimpanzees performed poorly on a reversed contingency task in which they had to point to the smaller of 2 food quantities to acquire the larger quantity. The authors compared the performance of 4 great ape species (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) on the reversed contingency task while manipulating food quantity (0-4 or 1-4) and food visibility (visible pairs or covered pairs). Results showed no systematic species differences but large individual differences. Some individuals of each species were able to solve the reversed contingency task. Both quantity and visibility of the food items had a significant effect on performance. Subjects performed better when the disparity between quantities was smaller and the quantities were not directly visible. |
| Address |
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. p.vlamings@psychology.unimaas.nl |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16435965 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2765 |
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| Author |
Beran, M.J.; Pate, J.L.; Washburn, D.A.; Rumbaugh, D.M. |
| Title |
Sequential responding and planning in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
203-212 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Female; Goals; Learning; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; *Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Task Performance and Analysis |
| Abstract |
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) selected either Arabic numerals or colored squares on a computer monitor in a learned sequence. On shift trials, the locations of 2 stimuli were interchanged at some point. More errors were made when this interchange occurred for the next 2 stimuli to be selected than when the interchange was for stimuli later in the sequence. On mask trials, all remaining stimuli were occluded after the 1st selection. Performance exceeded chance levels for only 1 selection after these masks were applied. There was no difference in performance for either stimulus type (numerals or colors). The data indicated that the animals planned only the next selection during these computerized tasks as opposed to planning the entire response sequence. |
| Address |
Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15279511 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2767 |
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| Author |
Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. |
| Title |
Representation of the numerosities 1-9 by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-49 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; Perception; Reaction Time |
| Abstract |
Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to respond to exemplars of 1, 2, 3, and 4 in an ascending, descending, or a nonmonotonic numerical order (1-->2-->3-->4, 4-->3-->2--1, 3-->1-->4-->2). The monkeys were then tested on their ability to order pairs of the novel numerosities 5-9. In Experiment 1, all 3 monkeys ordered novel exemplars of the numerosities 1-4 in ascending or descending order. The attempt to train a nonmonotonic order (3-->1-->4-->2) failed. In Experiment 2A, the 2 monkeys who learned the ascending numerical rule ordered pairs of the novel numerosities 5-9 on unreinforced trials. The monkey who learned the descending numerical rule failed to extrapolate the descending rule to new numerosities. In Experiment 2B all 3 monkeys ordered novel exemplars of pairs of the numerosities 5-9. Accuracy and latency of responding revealed distance and magnitude effects analogous to previous findings with human participants (R. S. Moyer & T. K. Landaeur, 1967). Collectively these studies show that monkeys represent the numerosities 1-9 on at least an ordinal scale. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu |
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0097-7403 |
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| Notes |
PMID:10650542 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2775 |
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| Author |
Wasserman, E.A. |
| Title |
The science of animal cognition: past, present, and future |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
123-135 |
| Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences/*trends; *Cognition; Evolution; Forecasting; Humans; Intelligence |
| Abstract |
The field of animal cognition is strongly rooted in the philosophy of mind and in the theory of evolution. Despite these strong roots, work during the most famous and active period in the history of our science-the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s-may have diverted us from the very questions that were of greatest initial interest to the comparative analysis of learning and behavior. Subsequently, the field has been in steady decline despite its increasing breadth and sophistication. Renewal of the field of animal cognition may require a return to the original questions of animal communication and intelligence using the most advanced tools of modern psychological science. Reclaiming center stage in contemporary psychology will be difficult; planning that effort with a host of strategies should enhance the chances of success. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1407, USA. ed-wasserman@uiowa.edu |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9095537 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2779 |
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Overli, O.; Sorensen, C.; Pulman, K.G.T.; Pottinger, T.G.; Korzan, W.; Summers, C.H.; Nilsson, G.E. |
| Title |
Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
396-412 |
| Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Biogenic Monoamines/physiology; Brain/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Evolution; Glucocorticoids/*physiology; Individuality; Lizards; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Social Dominance; Stress, Psychological/*psychology |
| Abstract |
Reactions to stress vary between individuals, and physiological and behavioral responses tend to be associated in distinct suites of correlated traits, often termed stress-coping styles. In mammals, individuals exhibiting divergent stress-coping styles also appear to exhibit intrinsic differences in cognitive processing. A connection between physiology, behavior, and cognition was also recently demonstrated in strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for consistently high or low cortisol responses to stress. The low-responsive (LR) strain display longer retention of a conditioned response, and tend to show proactive behaviors such as enhanced aggression, social dominance, and rapid resumption of feed intake after stress. Differences in brain monoamine neurochemistry have also been reported in these lines. In comparative studies, experiments with the lizard Anolis carolinensis reveal connections between monoaminergic activity in limbic structures, proactive behavior in novel environments, and the establishment of social status via agonistic behavior. Together these observations suggest that within-species diversity of physiological, behavioral and cognitive correlates of stress responsiveness is maintained by natural selection throughout the vertebrate sub-phylum. |
| Address |
Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 As, Norway. oyvind.overli@umb.no |
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0149-7634 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17182101 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2801 |
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