Records |
Author |
Harcourt, J.L.; Ang, T.Z.; Sweetman, G.; Johnstone, R.A.; Manica, A. |
Title |
Social feedback and the emergence of leaders and followers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
248-252 |
Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; *Feedback; Great Britain; *Leadership; Markov Chains; Models, Biological; Monte Carlo Method; Smegmamorpha/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Video Recording |
Abstract |
In many animal groups, certain individuals consistently appear at the forefront of coordinated movements [1-4]. How such leaders emerge is poorly understood [5, 6]. Here, we show that in pairs of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, leadership arises from individual differences in the way that fish respond to their partner's movements. Having first established that individuals differed in their propensity to leave cover in order to look for food, we randomly paired fish of varying boldness, and we used a Markov Chain model to infer the individual rules underlying their joint behavior. Both fish in a pair responded to each other's movements-each was more likely to leave cover if the other was already out and to return if the other had already returned. However, we found that bolder individuals displayed greater initiative and were less responsive to their partners, whereas shyer individuals displayed less initiative but followed their partners more faithfully; they also, as followers, elicited greater leadership tendencies in their bold partners. We conclude that leadership in this case is reinforced by positive social feedback. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0960-9822 |
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Notes |
PMID:19185497 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5123 |
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Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. |
Title |
Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
423 |
Issue |
6938 |
Pages |
432-434 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors |
Abstract |
Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12761547 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5138 |
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Author |
Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T. |
Title |
From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
2123-2128 |
Keywords |
Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/*physiology; Decision Making; *Flight, Animal; *Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
Abstract |
Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and . |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk |
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Language |
Englisch |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0960-9822 |
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Notes |
PMID:17084696 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2026 |
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Author |
Sundaresan, S.R.; Fischhoff, I.R.; Dushoff, J.; Rubenstein, D.I. |
Title |
Network metrics reveal differences in social organization between two fission-fusion species, Grevy's zebra and onager |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
Volume |
151 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
140-149 |
Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Environment; Equidae/*physiology; Female; India; Kenya; Male; *Models, Theoretical; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
Abstract |
For species in which group membership frequently changes, it has been a challenge to characterize variation in individual interactions and social structure. Quantifying this variation is necessary to test hypotheses about ecological determinants of social patterns and to make predictions about how group dynamics affect the development of cooperative relationships and transmission processes. Network models have recently become popular for analyzing individual contacts within a population context. We use network metrics to compare populations of Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) and onagers (Equus hemionus khur). These closely related equids, previously described as having the same social system, inhabit environments differing in the distribution of food, water, and predators. Grevy's zebra and onagers are one example of many sets of coarsely similar fission-fusion species and populations, observed elsewhere in other ungulates, primates, and cetaceans. Our analysis of the population association networks reveals contrasts consistent with their distinctive environments. Grevy's zebra individuals are more selective in their association choices. Grevy's zebra form stable cliques, while onager associations are more fluid. We find evidence that females associate assortatively by reproductive state in Grevy's zebra but not in onagers. The current approach demonstrates the utility of network metrics for identifying fine-grained variation among individuals and populations in association patterns. From our analysis, we can make testable predictions about behavioral mechanisms underlying social structure and its effects on transmission processes. |
Address |
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ssundare@princeton.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0029-8549 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:16964497 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1863 |
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Author |
Levin, L.E.; Grillet, M.E. |
Title |
[Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Acta Cientifica Venezolana |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Cient Venez |
Volume |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-180 |
Keywords |
Animals; Fishes; *Leadership; Reversal Learning/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
Abstract |
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Language |
Spanish |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Liderazgo diversificado: una solucion social de problemas en el cardumen |
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ISSN |
0001-5504 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3251383 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2045 |
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Author |
Mori, U. |
Title |
Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Individual relationships within a unit |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Contributions to Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contrib Primatol |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
93-124 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; Grooming; *Haplorhini; *Leadership; Male; Paternal Behavior; *Social Behavior; *Theropithecus |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0301-4231 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:101345 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2046 |
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Author |
Mori, U. |
Title |
Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Inter-unit relationships |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Contributions to Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contrib Primatol |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
83-92 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; *Haplorhini; Leadership; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Theropithecus |
Abstract |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0301-4231 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:101344 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2047 |
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Author |
Mori, U. |
Title |
Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Unit formation and the emergence of a new leader |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Contributions to Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contrib Primatol |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-181 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; Grooming; *Haplorhini; Leadership; Male; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Theropithecus |
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English |
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ISSN |
0301-4231 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:101335 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2048 |
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Author |
Alexander, B.K.; Bowers, J.M. |
Title |
Social organization of a troop of Japanese monkeys in a two-acre enclosure |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
230-242 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Haplorhini; Leadership; *Social Behavior |
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Address |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0015-5713 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4976202 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2055 |
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Author |
Whiten, A. |
Title |
Social complexity and social intelligence |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Novartis Foundation Symposium |
Abbreviated Journal |
Novartis Found Symp |
Volume |
233 |
Issue |
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Pages |
185-96; discussion 196-201 |
Keywords |
Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Humans; *Intelligence/physiology; Learning; Models, Psychological; Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Problems |
Abstract |
When we talk of the 'nature of intelligence', or any other attribute, we may be referring to its essential structure, or to its place in nature, particularly the function it has evolved to serve. Here I examine both, from the perspective of the evolution of intelligence in primates. Over the last 20 years, the Social (or 'Machiavellian') Intelligence Hypothesis has gained empirical support. Its core claim is that the intelligence of primates is primarily an adaptation to the special complexities of primate social life. In addition to this hypothesis about the function of intellect, a secondary claim is that the very structure of intelligence has been moulded to be 'social' in character, an idea that presents a challenge to orthodox views of intelligence as a general-purpose capacity. I shall outline the principal components of social intelligence and the environment of social complexity it engages with. This raises the question of whether domain specificity is an appropriate characterization of social intelligence and its subcomponents, like theory of mind. As a counter-argument to such specificity I consider the hypothesis that great apes exhibit a cluster of advanced cognitive abilities that rest on a shared capacity for second-order mental representation. |
Address |
School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK |
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English |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1528-2511 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:11276903 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2084 |
Permanent link to this record |