| Records |
| Author |
Kotrschal, K.; Schöberl, I.; Bauer, B.; Thibeaut, A.-M.; Wedl, M. |
| Title |
Dyadic relationships and operational performance of male and female owners and their male dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
81 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
383-391 |
| Keywords |
Dyadic interactions; Human-animal companions; Human-animal relationships; Human-dog dyads; Personality; Social stress |
| Abstract |
In the paper we investigate how owner personality, attitude and gender influence dog behavior, dyadic practical functionality and the level of dog salivary cortisol. In three meetings, 12 female and 10 male owners of male dogs answered questionnaires including the Neo-FFI human personality inventory. Their dyadic behavior was video-taped in a number of test situations, and saliva samples were collected. Owners who scored highly in neuroticism (Neo-FFI dimension one) viewed their dogs as social supporters and spent much time with them. Their dogs had low baseline cortisol levels, but such dyads were less successful in the operational task. Owners who scored highly in extroversion (Neo-FFI dimension two) appreciated shared activities with their dogs which had relatively high baseline cortisol values. Dogs that had female owners were less sociable-active (dog personality axis 1) than dogs that had male owners. Therefore, it appears that owner gender and personality influences dyadic interaction style, dog behavior and dyadic practical functionality. |
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| ISSN |
0376-6357 |
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no |
Call Number  |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4947 |
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| Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. |
| Title |
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-343 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11824896 |
Approved |
yes |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4970 |
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| Author |
Mitani, J.C. |
| Title |
Male chimpanzees form enduring and equitable social bonds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
77 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
633-640 |
| Keywords |
chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes; social behaviour; social relationship |
| Abstract |
Controversy exists regarding the nature of primate social relationships. While individual primates are frequently hypothesized to form enduring social bonds with conspecifics, recent studies suggest that relationships are labile, with animals interacting only over short periods to satisfy their immediate needs. Here I use data collected over 10 years on a community of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, to investigate whether male chimpanzees establish long-term social relationships and to determine the factors that affect variation in relationship quality and the stability of social bonds. Kinship and dominance rank influenced the quality of relationships. Maternal brothers and males of the same dominance rank class groomed each other more equitably than did unrelated males and males that were dissimilar in rank. In addition, males that formed strong social bonds groomed more equitably than did males that displayed weaker bonds. Social bonds were stable over time, with relationships in one year predicting those in subsequent years. Kinship and the quality of social relationships affected bond stability. Maternal half siblings and males that groomed each other equitably maintained longer-lasting bonds than did nonkin and males that groomed each other unevenly. Virtually all of the males established at least one enduring relationship with another individual. The most enduring bonds formed between a few pairs of maternal brothers and dyads that maintained balanced grooming interactions. These results indicate that male chimpanzees maintain long-lasting and equitable social bonds whose formation is affected by maternal kinship and the quality of social relationships. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5164 |
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| Author |
Langergraber, K.; Mitani, J.; Vigilant, L. |
| Title |
Kinship and social bonds in female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
71 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
840-851 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Family; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology; *Social Distance |
| Abstract |
A large body of theoretical and empirical research suggests that kinship influences the development and maintenance of social bonds among group-living female mammals, and that human females may be unusual in the extent to which individuals form differentiated social relationships with nonrelatives. Here we combine behavioral observations of party association, spatial proximity, grooming, and space use with extensive molecular genetic analyses to determine whether female chimpanzees form strong social bonds with unrelated individuals of the same sex. We compare our results with those obtained from male chimpanzees who live in the same community and have been shown to form strong social bonds with each other. We demonstrate that party association is as good a predictor of spatial proximity and grooming in females as it is in males, that the highest party association indices are consistently found between female dyads, that the sexes do not differ in the long-term stability of their party association patterns, and that these results cannot be explained as a by-product of the tendency of females to selectively range in particular areas of the territory. We also show that close kin (i.e. mother-daughter and sibling dyads) are very rare, indicating that the vast majority of female dyads that form strong social bonds are not closely related. Additional analyses reveal that “subgroups” of females, consisting of individuals who frequently associate with one another in similar areas of the territory, do not consist of relatives. This suggests that a passive form of kin-biased dispersal, involving the differential migration of females from neighboring communities into subgroups, was also unlikely to be occurring. These results show that, as in males, kinship plays a limited role in structuring the intrasexual social relationships of female chimpanzees. |
| Address |
Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. langergraber@eva.mpg.de |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0275-2565 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19475543 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5166 |
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| Author |
Newton-Fisher, N.E.; Lee, P.C. |
| Title |
Grooming reciprocity in wild male chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
81 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
439-446 |
| Keywords |
altruism; biological market theory; Budongo; chimpanzee; grooming; Pan troglodytes |
| Abstract |
Understanding cooperation between unrelated individuals remains a central problem in animal behaviour; evolutionary mechanisms are debated, and the importance of reciprocity has been questioned. Biological market theory makes specific predictions about the occurrence of reciprocity in social groups; applied to the social grooming of mammals, it predicts reciprocity in the absence of other benefits for which grooming can be exchanged. Considerable effort has been made to test this grooming trade model in nonhuman primates; such studies show mixed results, but may be confounded by kin effects. We examined patterns of reciprocity within and across bouts, and tested predictions of the grooming trade model, among wild male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: a system with negligible kin effects. In accord with the model's expectations, we found that some grooming was directed by lower- to higher-ranked individuals, and that, on average, higher-ranked individuals groomed more reciprocally. We found no support, however, for a prediction that more reciprocity should occur between individuals close in rank. For most dyads, reciprocity of effort occurred through unbalanced participation in grooming bouts, but reciprocity varied considerably between dyads and only a small proportion showed strongly reciprocal grooming. Despite this, each male had at least one reciprocal grooming relationship. In bouts where both individuals groomed, effort was matched through mutual grooming, not alternating roles. Our results provide mixed support for the current grooming trade, biological market model, and suggest that it needs to incorporate risks of currency inflation and cheating for species where reciprocity can be achieved through repeated dyadic interactions. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5329 |
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| Author |
Zucca, P.; Baciadonna, L.; Masci, S.; Mariscoli, M. |
| Title |
Illness as a source of variation of laterality in lions (Panthera leo) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Laterality |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
356-366 |
| Keywords |
Brain lateralisation; Illness; Iions; Panthera leo; Footedness |
| Abstract |
Brain asymmetry—i.e. the specialisation of each cerebral hemisphere for sensorimotor processing mechanisms and for specific cognitive functions—is widely distributed among vertebrates. Several factors, such as embryological manipulations, sex, age, and breeds, can influence the maintenance, strength, and direction of laterality within a certain vertebrate species. Brain lateralisation is a universal phenomenon characterising not only cerebral control of cognitive or emotion-related functions but also cerebral regulation of somatic processes, and its evolution is strongly influenced by social selection pressure. Diseases are well known to be a cost of sociality but their role in influencing behaviour has received very little attention. The present study investigates the influence of illness conditions as a source of variation on laterality in a social keystone vertebrate predator model, the lion. In a preliminary stage, the clinical conditions of 24 adult lions were assessed. The same animals were scored for forelimb preference when in the quadrupedal standing position. Lions show a marked forelimb preference with a population bias towards the use of the right forelimb. Illness conditions strongly influenced the strength of laterality bias, with a significant difference between clinically healthy and sick lions. According to these results, health conditions should be recognised as an important source of variation in brain lateralisation. |
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Psychology Press |
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1357-650x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5372 |
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| Author |
McCarthy, M.S.; Jensvold, M.L.A.; Fouts, D.H. |
| Title |
Use of gesture sequences in captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) play |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
471-481 |
| Keywords |
Gestural communication; Attentional state; Chimpanzee; Gesture sequence |
| Abstract |
This study examined the use of sensory modalities relative to a partner’s behavior in gesture sequences during captive chimpanzee play at the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute. We hypothesized that chimpanzees would use visual gestures toward attentive recipients and auditory/tactile gestures toward inattentive recipients. We also hypothesized that gesture sequences would be more prevalent toward unresponsive rather than responsive recipients. The chimpanzees used significantly more auditory/tactile rather than visual gestures first in sequences with both attentive and inattentive recipients. They rarely used visual gestures toward inattentive recipients. Auditory/tactile gestures were effective with and used with both attentive and inattentive recipients. Recipients responded significantly more to single gestures than to first gestures in sequences. Sequences often indicated that recipients did not respond to initial gestures, whereas effective single gestures made more gestures unnecessary. The chimpanzees thus gestured appropriately relative to a recipient’s behavior and modified their interactions according to contextual social cues. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5665 |
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| Author |
Köhler, W. |
| Title |
Intelligenzprüfungen an Menschenaffen |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1921 |
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Animal intelligence , Chimpanzees , Primates , Psychology |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
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| Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5752 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B.M.; Luttrell, L.M. |
| Title |
Mechanisms of social reciprocity in three primate species: Symmetrical relationship characteristics or cognition? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Ethology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2–4 |
Pages |
101-118 |
| Keywords |
Reciprocity; Agonistic intervention; Cognition; Chimpanzees; Macaques |
| Abstract |
Agonistic intervention behavior was observed in captive groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and stumptail monkeys (M. arctoides). Reciprocity correlations of interventions were determined while removing from the data the effects of several symmetrical relationship characteristics, that is, matrillineal kinship, proximity relations, and same-sex combination. It was considered likely that if significant reciprocity persisted after controlling for these characteristics, the reciprocity was based on cognitive mechanisms. Statistical significance was tested by means of recently developed matrix permutation procedures. All three species exhibited significant reciprocity with regard to beneficial interventions, even after controlling for symmetrical traits. Harmful interventions were, however, reciprocal among chimpanzees only. This species showed a “revenge system”, that is, if A often intervened against B, B did the same to A. In contrast, both macaque species showed significantly inversed reciprocity in their harmful interventions: if A often intervened against B, B rarely intervened against A. Further analysis indicates that the strict hierarchy of macaques prevents them from achieving complete reciprocity. Compared to chimpanzees, macaques rarely intervene against higher ranking group members. The observed contrast can be partially explained on the basis of differences in available space, as indicated by a comparison of indoor and outdoor living conditions for the chimpanzee colony. Yet, even when such spatial factors are taken into account, substantial behavior differences between chimpanzees and macaques remain. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0162-3095 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5809 |
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| Author |
Gruber, T.; Clay, Z.; Zuberbühler, K. |
| Title |
A comparison of bonobo and chimpanzee tool use: evidence for a female bias in the Pan lineage |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1023-1033 |
| Keywords |
culture; great ape; neoteny; Pan; primate evolution; sex difference; tool use |
| Abstract |
Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, are the most sophisticated tool-users among all nonhuman primates. From an evolutionary perspective, it is therefore puzzling that the tool use behaviour of their closest living primate relative, the bonobo, Pan paniscus, has been described as particularly poor. However, only a small number of bonobo groups have been studied in the wild and only over comparably short periods. Here, we show that captive bonobos and chimpanzees are equally diverse tool-users in most contexts. Our observations illustrate that tool use in bonobos can be highly complex and no different from what has been described for chimpanzees. The only major difference in the chimpanzee and bonobo data was that bonobos of all age–sex classes used tools in a play context, a possible manifestation of their neotenous nature. We also found that female bonobos displayed a larger range of tool use behaviours than males, a pattern previously described for chimpanzees but not for other great apes. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the female-biased tool use evolved prior to the split between bonobos and chimpanzees. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5856 |
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