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Author Bekoff M.
Title Minding Animals, Minding Earth: Old Brains, New Bottlenecks Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Zygon Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue Pages 911-941
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Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3498
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Author Bekoff M.
Title Consciousness and Self in Animals: Some Reflections Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Zygon Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue Pages 229-245
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Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3500
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Author Tomasello M.; Call J.; Hare B.
Title Chimpanzees understand psychological states – the question is which ones and to what extent Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends. Cognit. Sci.
Volume 7 Issue Pages 153-156
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Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3501
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Author Call, J.
Title Beyond learning fixed rules and social cues: abstraction in the social arena Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci.
Volume 358 Issue 1435 Pages 1189-1196
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Abstract Abstraction is a central idea in many areas of physical comparative cognition such as categorization, numerical competence or problem solving. This idea, however, has rarely been applied to comparative social cognition. In this paper, I propose that the notion of abstraction can be applied to the social arena and become an important tool to investigate the social cognition and behaviour processes in animals. To make this point, I present recent evidence showing that chimpanzees know about what others can see and about what others intend. These data do not fit either low-level mechanisms based on stimulus-response associations or high-level explanations based on metarepresentational mechanisms such as false belief attribution. Instead, I argue that social abstraction, in particular the development of concepts such as seeing in others, is key to explaining the behaviour of our closest relative in a variety of situations.
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Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3524
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Author Wallin, L.; Strandberg, E.; Philipsson, J.
Title Genetic correlations between field test results of Swedish Warmblood Riding Horses as 4-year-olds and lifetime performance results in dressage and show jumping Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Livestock Production Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 61-71
Keywords Horse; Performance test; Competition results; Animal model; Heritability; Genetic correlation
Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between traits of young sport horses (4 years old) evaluated in the Swedish Riding Horse Quality Test (RHQT) and later competition results in dressage and show jumping. The data comprised 3708 Warmblood horses born between 1968 and 1982 that had participated in the RHQT as 4-year-olds and 25[punctuation space]605 horses born between 1953 and 1995 with competition records. According to the criteria between 1206 and 1879 horses were common to this two files and were available for the estimations of the genetic correlations. Competition performance traits were cumulative points and cumulative placings received during a horse's lifetime, and a log10 transformation was used to achieve a more normal distribution of the data. Genetic correlations between gait traits scored in the RHQT and competition results in dressage were favourable, in the range 0.63-0.75, and between jumping traits scored in the RHQT and results in show jumping 0.83-0.93. Estimated heritabilities for gait and jumping traits scored in the RHQT were in the range 0.09-0.27 and 0.10-0.18, respectively. Estimated heritabilities for the cumulative points and cumulative placings in dressage and show jumping were 0.17/0.16 and 0.23/0.27, respectively. Thus, the results from the RHQT have proved to be useful for early genetic evaluation and selection of both mares and stallions for sport performance traits.
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Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3956
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Author Herbert Gintis; Samuel Bowles; Robert Boyd; Ernst Fehr
Title Explaining altruistic behavior in humans Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Evolution and Human Behaviour Abbreviated Journal
Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 153-172
Keywords Altruism; Reciprocity; Experimental games; Evolution of cooperation
Abstract Recent experimental research has revealed forms of human behavior involving interaction among unrelated individuals that have proven difficult to explain in terms of kin or reciprocal altruism. One such trait, strong reciprocity is a predisposition to cooperate with others and to punish those who violate the norms of cooperation, at personal cost, even when it is implausible to expect that these costs will be repaid. We present evidence supporting strong reciprocity as a schema for predicting and understanding altruism in humans. We show that under conditions plausibly characteristic of the early stages of human evolution, a small number of strong reciprocators could invade a population of self-regarding types, and strong reciprocity is an evolutionary stable strategy. Although most of the evidence we report is based on behavioral experiments, the same behaviors are regularly described in everyday life, for example, in wage setting by firms, tax compliance, and cooperation in the protection of local environmental public goods.
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ISSN 1090-5138 ISBN Medium
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Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1090-5138(02)00157-5 Serial 4943
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Author Bond, A.B.; Kamil, A.C.; Balda, R.P.
Title Social complexity and transitive inference in corvids Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 65 Issue 3 Pages 479-487
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Abstract The social complexity hypothesis asserts that animals living in large social groups should display enhanced cognitive abilities along predictable dimensions. To test this concept, we compared highly social pinyon jays,Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus , with relatively nonsocial western scrub-jays, Aphelocoma californica, on two complex cognitive tasks relevant to the ability to track and assess social relationships. Pinyon jays learned to track multiple dyadic relationships more rapidly and more accurately than scrub-jays and appeared to display a more robust and accurate mechanism of transitive inference. These results provide a clear demonstration of the association between social complexity and cognition in animals. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 Serial 399
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Author Cheung, K.; Hume, P.A.; Maxwell, L.
Title Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Sports Medicine Abbreviated Journal Sports Med
Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 145-164
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Abstract Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a familiar experience for the elite or novice athlete. Symptoms can range from muscle tenderness to severe debilitating pain. The mechanisms, treatment strategies, and impact on athletic performance remain uncertain, despite the high incidence of DOMS. DOMS is most prevalent at the beginning of the sporting season when athletes are returning to training following a period of reduced activity. DOMS is also common when athletes are first introduced to certain types of activities regardless of the time of year. Eccentric activities induce micro-injury at a greater frequency and severity than other types of muscle actions. The intensity and duration of exercise are also important factors in DOMS onset. Up to six hypothesised theories have been proposed for the mechanism of DOMS, namely: lactic acid, muscle spasm, connective tissue damage, muscle damage, inflammation and the enzyme efflux theories. However, an integration of two or more theories is likely to explain muscle soreness. DOMS can affect athletic performance by causing a reduction in joint range of motion, shock attenuation and peak torque. Alterations in muscle sequencing and recruitment patterns may also occur, causing unaccustomed stress to be placed on muscle ligaments and tendons. These compensatory mechanisms may increase the risk of further injury if a premature return to sport is attempted.
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ISSN 1179-2035 ISBN Medium
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Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Cheung2003 Serial 6016
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Author Waring, G.H.
Title Horse behavior Type Book Whole
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract Review

The coverage in the book is incredibly broad, thorough and detailed. The drawings throughout are marvelous and do a wonderful job of complementing the text. The extensive bibliography should be especially useful to biologists. “Cheryl Asa, Director of Research, St. Louis Zoo”

For those highly interested in the subject, it is unquestionably worth upgrading rrom the first edition. Written by an internationally know and respected ethologist, Horse Behavior is a sound scientific review of equine behavior.

“Nancy Kate Diehl, ”Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association,“ Vol. 223, No. 12, December 15, 2003

One of the people out there studying horses is Dr. Waring, a professor at Southern Illinois University. He uses big words such as polyphasic, but defines them, ”The daily sleep cycle of horses is polyphasic, that is, with more than one period of sleep occurring per 24-hour period.“ He gives the academically correct citations of studies, yet describes the results in language the rest of us can understand. I dare any horseperson of any experience level to read it and not learn something.

”Katherine Walcott, Eventing USA, Issue Two, 2003“

Horse Behavior, 2nd edition, is a very well researched book that addresses a through review of normal horse behavior. Dr. Waring brings together references from a wide variety of disciplines, often from very difficult to get sources, and integrates them with his own research into a comprehensive picture of the horse. Each chapter is well orgainzed in its contents, resulting in a book that will be an excellent reference. This is a ”must have“ for any serious student of horse behavior and for those who just enjoy the animal. ”Bonnie V. Beaver, BS, DVM, MS, DACVB, Texas A&M University"

Book Description

The second edition of this important reference provides important updates, especially in the areas of activity patterns, social behavior, reproduction, animal husbandry, and management. This easy-to-read text integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers and includes an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. Over 100 illustrations and photos provide excellent visual cues for those who work with horses every day.
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Publisher Noyes Publishing Place of Publication Norwich, N.Y. Editor
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ISSN ISBN 0815514840 9780815514848 Medium
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Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ 48773749 Serial 4275
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Author Earley, R.L.; Tinsley, M.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title To see or not to see: does previewing a future opponent affect the contest behavior of green swordtail males (Xiphophorus helleri)? Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Naturwissenschaften Abbreviated Journal
Volume 90 Issue 5 Pages 226-230
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Abstract Animals assess the fighting ability of conspecifics either by engaging in aggressive interactions or observing contests between others. However, whether individuals assess physical prowess outside the context of aggressive interactions remains unknown. We examined whether male green swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri) extract information about the fighting ability of solitary individuals via observation and whether acquiring such information elicits behavioral modifications. Contests preceded by mutual visual assessment were significantly shorter than fights where only one or neither of the two individuals was informed in advance. Focal animals initiated aggressive behavior more often against larger opponents only after previewing their adversary, indicating that swordtails can extract information about relative body size from watching solitary conspecifics. When a fighting disadvantage is perceived, observers adopt tactics that increase their probability of winning the contest.
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Call Number (down) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2180
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