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| Author |
Nakamura, K.; Takimoto-Inose, A.; Hasegawa, T. |
| Title |
Cross-modal perception of human emotion in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
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| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
8660 |
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| Abstract |
Humans have domesticated many kinds of animals in their history. Dogs and horses have particularly close relationships with humans as cooperative partners. However, fewer scientific studies have been conducted on cognition in horses compared to dogs. Studies have shown that horses cross-modally distinguish human facial expressions and recognize familiar people, which suggests that they also cross-modally distinguish human emotions. In the present study, we used the expectancy violation method to investigate whether horses cross-modally perceive human emotions. Horses were shown a picture of a human facial expression on a screen, and they then heard a human voice from the speaker before the screen. The emotional values of the visual and auditory stimuli were the same in the congruent condition and different in the incongruent condition. Horses looked at the speaker significantly longer in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition when they heard their caretaker's voices but not when they heard the stranger voice. In addition, they responded significantly more quickly to the voice in the incongruent condition than in the congruent one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that horses cross-modally recognized the emotional states of their caretakers and strangers. |
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2045-2322 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Nakamura2018 |
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6391 |
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| Author |
Nowak, S.; Jedrzejewski, W.; Schmidt, K.; Theuerkauf, J.; Myslajek, R.W.; Jedrzejewska, B. |
| Title |
Howling activity of free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest and the Western Beskidy Mountains (Poland) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
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J Ethol |
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25 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Nowak2006 |
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6459 |
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| Author |
O'Brien, P.H. |
| Title |
Feral goat social organization: a review and comparative analysis |
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| Year |
1988 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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21 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ O'Brien1988 |
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6270 |
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| Author |
Palacios, V.; Font, E.; Marquez, R. |
| Title |
Iberian wolf howls: acoustic structure, individual variation, and a comparison with North American populations |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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J Mammal |
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88 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Palacios2007 |
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6469 |
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Passilongo, D.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaroni, M.; Apollonio, M. |
| Title |
Wolf counting and individual acoustic discrimination by spectrographic analysis [Abstract] |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Bioacoustics |
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21 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2012 |
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6467 |
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Passilongo, D.; Mattioli, L.; Bassi, E.; Szabó, L.; Apollonio, M. |
| Title |
Visualizing sound: counting wolves by using a spectral view of the chorus howling |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Frontiers in Zoology |
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Front. Zool. |
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12 |
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1 |
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22 |
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Monitoring large carnivores is a central issue in conservation biology. The wolf (Canis lupus) is the most studied large carnivore in the world. After a massive decline and several local extinctions, mostly due to direct persecutions, wolves are now recolonizing many areas of their historical natural range. One of the main monitoring techniques is the howling survey, which is based on the wolves' tendency to use vocalisations to mark territory ownership in response to howls of unknown individuals. In most cases wolf howling sessions are useful for the localisation of the pack, but they provide only an aural estimation of the chorus size. |
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1742-9994 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2015 |
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6498 |
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Passilongo, D.; Marchetto, M.; Apollonio, M. |
| Title |
Singing in a wolf chorus: structure and complexity of a multicomponent acoustic behaviour |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hysterix |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
180-185 |
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Wolf choruses ( Canis lupus ) are complex, multicomponent signals, composed by a series of different vocalizations emitted by a pack. Although howls, the main component, have been highly studied, poor attention has been drawn upon the other vocalizations of the chorus. In this study, we investigate the structure of the chorus by means of the analysis and the quantification of the different components, taking advantage both of the digital sound recording and analysis, and of the modern statistical methodologies. We provide for the first time a detailed, objective description of the types of call emitted during the wolf howlings, combining spectrographic examinations, spectral analyses and automated classifications, with the aim to identify different types of call. Our results show that wolf choruses have a rich, complex structure, that reveals six other types of call, to be added to those howls already described in literature. Wolf choruses are typically composed by other three different types of calls: the bark, i.e. relatively long calls characterized by low frequencies and the presence of harsh components (deterministic chaos); the whimper, characterized by a harmonic structure and a very short duration; and the growl, a call with a noisy structure, low frequencies but relative long duration. Although further investigations are necessary to understand the meaning of the different calls, this research provides a basis for those studies that aim to compare wolves and other canids vocal behaviour. |
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0394-1914 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2017 |
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6441 |
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Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Gordon, I.J. |
| Title |
Gregariousness increases brain size in ungulates |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Oecologia |
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145 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pérez-Barbería2005 |
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6258 |
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Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I. |
| Title |
Evidence for coevolution of sociality and relative brain size in three orders of mammals |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Evolution |
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61 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pérez-Barbería2007 |
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6221 |
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| Author |
Peters, G.; Tembrock, G. |
| Title |
Subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos in mammal vocalizations |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
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Bioacoustics |
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9 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Peters1998 |
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6483 |
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