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Author Bates, D.
Title Fitting linear mixed models in R Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication R News Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5 Issue Pages
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bates2005 Serial 6293
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Author Benson-Amram, S.; Holekamp, K.E.
Title Innovative problem solving by wild spotted hyenas Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Proc R Soc B Abbreviated Journal Proc R Soc B
Volume 279 Issue Pages 4087-4095
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Benson-Amram2012 Serial 6266
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Author Berger, K.M.
Title Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Conserv Biol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 20 Issue Pages
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006 Serial 6448
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Author Bernauer, K.; Kollross, H.; Schuetz, A.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K.
Title How do horses (Equus caballus) learn from observing human action? Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 23 Issue Pages 1-9
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Abstract A previous study demonstrated that horses can learn socially from observing humans, but could not draw any conclusions about the social learning mechanisms. Here we develop this by showing horses four different human action sequences as demonstrations of how to press a button to open a feed box. We tested 68 horses aged between 3 and 12 years. 63 horses passed the habituation phase and were assigned either to the group Hand Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used a hand to press the button, Head Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used the head, Mixed Demo (N = 12) for which a squatting person used both head and hand, Foot Demo (N = 12) in which a standing person used a foot, or No Demo (N = 13) in which horses did not receive a demonstration. 44 horses reached the learning criterion of opening the feeder twenty times consecutively, 40 of these were 75% of the Demo group horses and four horses were 31% of the No Demo group horses. Horses not reaching the learning criterion approached the human experimenters more often than those who did. Significantly more horses used their head to press the button no matter which demonstration they received. However, in the Foot Demo group four horses consistently preferred to use a hoof and two switched between hoof and head use. After the Mixed Demo the horses' actions were more diverse. The results indicate that only a few horses copy behaviours when learning socially from humans. A few may learn through observational conditioning, as some appeared to adapt to demonstrated actions in the course of reaching the learning criterion. Most horses learn socially through enhancement, using humans to learn where, and which aspect of a mechanism has to be manipulated, and by applying individual trial and error learning to reach their goal.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bernauer2019 Serial 6590
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Author Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H.
Title Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication Appl Anim Behav Sci Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue Pages
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 Serial 6251
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Author Blanco, J.C.; Yolanda, C.
Title Surveying wolves without snow: a critical review of the methods used in Spain. Hystrix Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Ital J Mammal Abbreviated Journal
Volume 23 Issue Pages
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blanco2012 Serial 6460
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Author Boersma, P.; Weenink, D.
Title Praat: doing phonetics by computer Type Book Whole
Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 Serial 6496
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Author Boitani, L.
Title Patterns of homesites attendance in two Minnesota wolf packs Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology and Conservation Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher Noyes, Park Ridge Place of Publication New York Editor Harrington, F.H.; Paquet, P.C.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boitani1982 Serial 6474
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Author Breitenmoser, U.
Title Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Biol Conserv Abbreviated Journal
Volume 83 Issue Pages
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Breitenmoser1998 Serial 6450
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Author Briefer, E.F.; Padilla de la Torre, M.; McElligott, A.G.
Title Mother goats do not forget their kids' calls Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Proc R Soc B Abbreviated Journal
Volume 279 Issue Pages
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2012 Serial 6282
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