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Author McBride, S.D.; Long, L. openurl 
  Title Management of horses showing stereotypic behaviour, owner perception and the implications for welfare Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication The Veterinary Record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume 148 Issue 26 Pages 799-802  
  Keywords *Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; England/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Humans; Interviews; *Perception; *Stereotyped Behavior  
  Abstract A telephone survey was conducted of 100 racing stables, 100 riding schools and 100 competition establishments (8,427 horses in total) to determine what management practices were being applied to horses showing stereotypic behaviour, and to determine the underlying reasons for them by assessing the perceptions and opinions of the people working with the horses. The results indicated that horse owners are concerned about stereotypic behaviour, first, because it reduces the performance of the animal (31, 30 and 27 per cent of the owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments respectively), secondly, because it has adverse clinical effects on the horse (52, 55 and 56 per cent), and thirdly, because it reduces the monetary value of the animal (45, 59 and 31 per cent). The belief that these behaviours are learnt or copied also affects the management of affected horses: they are not allowed on to the premises by 4, 32 and 17 per cent of owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments, respectively; attempts are made to remove the causal factors of the stereotypy by 35, 43 and 36 per cent; the behaviours are physically prevented by 77, 67 and 79 per cent, and the affected horses are kept separate from other horses by 39, 30 and 48 per cent.  
  Address Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11467606 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 1918  
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Author Nyman, S.; Dahlborn, K. openurl 
  Title Effect of water supply method and flow rate on drinking behavior and fluid balance in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Physiology & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume 73 Issue 1-2 Pages 1-8  
  Keywords Animals; Choice Behavior/physiology; Drinking Behavior/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Thirst/physiology; *Water Supply; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology  
  Abstract This study investigated three methods of water supply on drinking preference and behavior in six Standardbred geldings (2-9 years, 505+/-9 kg). The water sources were buckets (B), pressure valve (PV), and float valve (FV) bowls. In an initial drinking preference test, PV was tested at three flow rates: 3, 8, and 16 l/min (PV3, PV8, and PV16), and FV at 3 l/min (FV3). Water intake was measured in l and presented as the percentage of the total daily water intake from each of two simultaneously presented alternatives. The intake from PV8 was greater than from both PV3 (72+/-11% vs. 28+/-11%) and PV16 (90+/-4% vs. 10+/-4%). All horses showed a strong preference for B, 98+/-1% of the intake compared to 2+/-1% from PV8. Individual variation in the data gave no significant difference in preference between the two automatic bowls. In the second part of the study, drinking behavior and fluid balance were investigated when the horses drank from FV3, PV8, and B for 7 consecutive days in a changeover design. Despite a tendency for an increase in total daily drinking time from FV3, the daily water intake was significantly lower (43+/-3 ml/kg) than from PV8 (54+/-2 ml/kg) and B (58+/-3 ml/kg). Daily net water gain [intake-(fecal+urinary output)] was only 0.5+/-3 ml/kg with FV3, resulting in a negative fluid balance if insensible losses are included. These results show that the water supply method can affect both drinking behavior and fluid balance in the horse.  
  Address Department of Animal Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7045, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. sara.nyman@djfys.slu.se  
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  ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11399288 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 1919  
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Author Henderson, J.V.; Warant, N.K. url  openurl
  Title Reducing Equine Stereotypies Using an Equiball Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal Anim Welfare  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 73-80  
  Keywords NIMAL WELFARE; ENRICHMENT; EQUIBALLTRADE; HORSES; STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOUR  
  Abstract It is believed that environmental enrichment techniques can play an important part in creating suitable captive environments for horses. There has, however, been little scientific investigation into the effectiveness of 'stable-toys' which claim to reduce the performance of equine stereotypies. This study investigated the effect of a foraging device known as 'The Equiball' on equine stereotypies. Six horses were given their evening feed in an Equiball, and the occurence of stereotypic behaviour recorded using scan sampling of video observations. Pre-enrichment, horses spent a mean(SD) of 5.27 ? 8.17 per cent of their time in the stable performing stereotypies; and significant individual variation in mean time performing stereotypic behaviour was found (P < 0.05). Several peaks in stereotypy over the day were found, the two main ones corresponding to the times before feeding. A reduction in stereotypic behaviour in five horses, and a small increase in stereotypic behaviour in one horse was observed during enrichment. During enrichment, there was an overall trend for stereotypic behaviour to decrease (P < 0.1). When used in conjunction with other measures such as behaviour therapy, companionship, increased exercise, and so on, the Equiball may help to create an environment less likely to lead to the development of stereotypic behaviours.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 2011  
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Author McBride, S.D.; Cuddeford, D. url  openurl
  Title The Putative Welfare-Reducing Effects of Preventing Equine Stereotypic Behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 173-189  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 2012  
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Author Spengler M.I.; Rasia M. doi  openurl
  Title Influence of Plasma Proteins on Erythrocyte Aggregation in Three Mammalian Species Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Veterinary Research Communications Abbreviated Journal Vet.Res.Comm  
  Volume 25 Issue 7 Pages 591-599  
  Keywords albumin – bovine – equine – erythrocyte aggregation – dextran – haemorheology – human – plasma protein – polyvinylpyrrolidone  
  Abstract The aggregation capacity of human erythrocytes lies between that of the non-aggregating bovine erythrocytes and the remarkably aggregating equine ones. As the ability to aggregate is attributed to cell factors and the composition of the plasma proteins, the role that plasma proteins play in the aggregation process in these three species was studied. Washed erythrocytes were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, 300 mOsm/L) plus polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a suitable concentration to obtain an average intensity of aggregation (control media). The superimposed effect of replacing 80% of the medium by either autologous plasma, serum or albumin solution was studied. The plasma proteins appeared to enhance aggregation by human and equine erythrocytes, but impaired this process in bovine erythrocytes. Some evidence was obtained supporting the existence of serum factors capable of reducing aggregation of erythrocytes in cattle and it was concluded that the non-aggregating behaviour of bovine erythrocytes may be due to the cells interacting particularly with the macromolecules in the serum.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 2013  
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Author Seralini G.-E.; Moslemi S. doi  openurl
  Title Aromatase inhibitors: past, present and future Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 178 Issue Pages 117-131  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 2014  
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Author Quinn P.C.; Eimas P.D.; Tarr M.J. url  openurl
  Title Perceptual Categorization of Cat and Dog Silhouettes by 3- to 4-Month-Old Infants Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Journal of Experimental Child Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 79 Issue Pages 78-94  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3474  
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Author Mushiake H.; Saito N.; Sakamoto K.; Sato Y.; Tanji J. doi  openurl
  Title Visually based path-planning by Japanese monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Cognitive Brain Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages 165-169  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3476  
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Author Hampton, R.R. url  openurl
  Title Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology  
  Volume 107 Issue Pages 1055-1056  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3487  
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Author Kirkwood, J.K.; Hubrecht, R. url  openurl
  Title Animal Consciousness, Cognition and Welfare Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 5-17  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) refbase @ user @ Serial 3488  
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