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	Author	Povinelli DJ
	Title	Monkeys, apes, mirrors and minds: the evolution of self-awareness in primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	J. Hum. Evol.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	493
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3025
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	Author	Tomasello, M.; Davis-Dasilva, M.; Camak, L.; Bard, K.
	Title	Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Human Evolution
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	175-183
	Keywords	Chimpanzees; Observational Learning; Tool-Use
	Abstract	In the current study two groups of young chimpanzees (4–6 and 8–9 years old) were given a T-bar and a food item that could only be reached by using the T-bar. Experimental subjects were given the opportunity to observe an adult using the stick as a tool to obtain the food; control subjects were exposed to the adult but were given no demonstration. Subjects in the older group did not learn to use the tool. Subjects in the younger group who were exposed to the demonstrator learned to use the stick as a tool much more readily than those who were not. None of the subjects demonstrated an ability to imitatively copy the demonstrator's precise behavioral strategies. More than simple stimulus enhancement was involved, however, since both groups manipulated the T-bar, but only experimental subjects used it in its function as a tool. Our findings complement naturalistic observations in suggesting that chimpanzee tool-use is in some sense «culturally transmitted» — though perhaps not in the same sense as social-conventional behaviors for which precise copying of conspecifics is crucial.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0393-9375	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5915
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	Author	Illius,A. W.; Gordon, I. J.
	Title	The Allometry of Food Intake in Grazing Ruminants			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	The Journal of Animal Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	T. J. Anim. Ecol.
	Volume	56	Issue	3	Pages	989-999
	Keywords
	Abstract	A simulation model of grazing mechanics in ruminants shows that, due to the allometric relations of bite size and metabolic requirements to body size, small animals are able to subsist on shorter swards than large animals. (2) The density of nutrients in the grazed horizon of the modelled swards markedly affected the ability of animals of a given body size to satisfy their energy requirements. (3) By extension, the allometric relationships would be expected to apply in selective grazing and browsing species in their choice of food items of different size and nutrient content. (4) The results support the argument that sexual segregation and habitat choice of dimorphic species is an effect of scramble competition for limited resources, the males thus being excluded from mutually preferred swards. (5) The model provides an explanation for two interspecific phenomena amongst grazers: grazing succession and grazing facilitation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4265
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	Author	Scheunert, A. Trautmann, A.
	Title	Lehrbuch der Veterinär-Physiologie.			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1987	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Parey	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3489662167	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4441
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	Author	Huntingford, F.; Turner, A.
	Title	Animal Conflict			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1987	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4850
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	Author	Walters, J.R.; Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	Primate Societies			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1987	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4858
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	Author	Brown, J.L.
	Title	Helping and Communal Breeding in Birds			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1987	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4907
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	Author	Hunte, W.; Horrocks, J.A.
	Title	Kin and non-kin interventions in the aggressive disputes of vervet monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue		Pages	257-263
	Keywords
	Abstract	Interventions in aggressive disputes were investigated in a free-living troop of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in Barbados. Interventions on behalf of kin were more frequent than on behalf of non-kin. Both types of interventions were more likely when the intervening animal outranked the opponent; presumably because retaliation probability, and hence cost of intervening, is low against low ranking opponents. The number of interventions given on behalf of both kin and non-kin increased with the number of disputes in which they were involved. In contrast to kin interventions, the number of interventions given on behalf of non-kin was correlated with that received by non-kin, suggesting that reciprocation is a necessary component of non-kin interventions. Non-kin interventions were more likely when the recipient outranked the opponent, presumably because reciprocation probability is high. Pairs of non-kin form structured reciprocal relationships based on the proportion of interventions allocated to each other, and most non-kin interventions flowed through these relationships. Males intervened on behalf of non-kin more frequently than did females. The implications of the results for the evolution of kin and reciprocal altruism were discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1007/Bf00292178			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4927
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	Author	Wasserman, S.
	Title	Conformity of two sociometric relations			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	Psychometrika	Abbreviated Journal	Psychometrika
	Volume	52	Issue	1	Pages	3-18
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abstract The problem of comparing two sociometric relations or measurements (A andB) recorded in distinct sociomatrices was originally discussed by Katz and Powell in the early 1950's and Hubert and Baker in the late 1970's. The problem is considered again using a probabilistic model designed specifically for discrete-valued network measurements. The model allows for the presence of various structural tendencies, such as reciprocity and differential popularity. A parameter that isolates the tendency for actors to choose other actors on both relations simultaneously is introduced, and estimated conditional on the presence of other parameters that reflect additional important network properties. The parameter is presented as a symmetric index but is also generalized to the predictive (A onB orB onA) situation. This approach to the problem is illustrated with the same data used by the earlier solutions, and the unique nature of the two relations in the data set (A = received choices,B = perceived choices), as it affects the modeling, is discussed. Significance tests for the parameter and related parameters are described, as well as an extension to more than two relations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5027
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	Author	Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L.
	Title	Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1987	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	35	Issue	2	Pages	387-394
	Keywords
	Abstract	Living in groups should promote the cultural transmission of a novel behaviour because opportunities for observing knowledgeable individuals are likely to be more numerous in this condition. However, in this study pigeons who shared the food discoveries of others (scroungers) did not learn the food-finding technique used by the discoverers (producers). Individually-caged pigeons prevented from scrounging easily learned the technique from a conspecific tutor. When caged pigeons obtained food from the tutor's performance, most naïve observers failed to learn. In a flock, scroungers selectively followed producers. In individual cages, scrounging during the tutor's demonstration was equivalent to getting no demonstration at all. This effect of scrounging did not interfere with subsequent acquisition of the food-finding behaviour when scrounging was no longer possible.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3472	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5265
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