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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
| Title | A model of social grooming among adult female monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Theoretical Biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 671-698 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Grooming; Haplorhini/*physiology; *Models, Biological; Reproduction; Social Dominance; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Grooming networks among adult female monkeys exhibit two similar features across a number of different species. High-ranking animals receive more grooming than others, and the majority of grooming occurs between females of adjacent rank. A theoretical model which duplicates these features is presented, and the properties of the model are used to explain the possible causation and function of female grooming behaviour. The model illustrates how relatively simple principles governing the behaviour of individuals may be used to explain more complex aspects of the social structure of non-human primate groups. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:406485 | Approved | no | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5259 | ||
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| Author | Alexander, F. | ||||
| Title | The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | British journal of pharmacology | Abbreviated Journal | Br J Pharmacol |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 589-593 |
| Keywords | Animals; Body Water/*metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Feces/*analysis; Furosemide/*pharmacology; Horses; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology; Male; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0007-1188 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:907872 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 111 | ||
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| Author | Alexander, R, MCN et al | ||||
| Title | Fast locomotion of some african ungulates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J Zool |
| Volume | 183 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 291-300 |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT Ten species of ungulate were filmed, galloping in their natural habitat. They ranged in size from Thomson's gazelle (about 20 kg) to giraffe (about 1000 kg). They were pursued to make them run as fast as possible. The films have been analysed to determine speed, stride frequency, stride and step lengths, and duty factors. The dependence of these quantities on body size is discussed. Summary: Fast locomotion of zebra, giraffe, warthog and seven species of Bovidae has been studied. The animals were filmed from a pursuing vehicle while galloping in their natural habitat. Stride frequency was more closely correlated with limb length (represented by hip height) than with body mass. Mean stride frequency was proportional to (hip height)-0·51 and maximum stride frequency to (hip height) -0·63. Maximum speed was between 10 and 14 m s -1 for all species except buffalo (7 m s -1). It was not significantly correlated with body mass. Since the small species ran at least as fast as the large ones they attained higher Froude numbers. Relative stride length was approximately 1·8 (Froude number)0·39 for all species, irrespective of size. Relative step length was approximately 0·65 (Froude number)0·2, both for the fore feet and for the hind ones. The vertical forces exerted by the feet are proportional to (body weight)×(Froude number)0·2 so the forces at maximum speed are larger multiples of body weight for small species than for large ones. |
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| Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 130 | ||
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| Author | Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Wiesner, L.; Kenney, R.M.; Ganjam, V.K.; Turner, J.W. | ||||
| Title | Seasonal variation in plasma androgens and testosterone in the North American wild horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | The Journal of endocrinology | Abbreviated Journal | J Endocrinol |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 237-238 |
| Keywords | Androgens/*blood; Animals; Horses/*blood; Male; *Seasons; Testosterone/*blood | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-0795 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:845536 | Approved | no | ||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 148 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B. | ||||
| Title | The organization of agonistic relations within two captive groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 225-282 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Fear; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca fascicularis/*physiology; Male; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | The paper offers a detailed quantitative descripition of the distribution of agonistic activities over the members of two groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). These groups lived in captivity and were well-established: i.e. they had an extensive network of genealogical relationships. The study pays special attention to agonistic interactions with three or more participants. Its main purpose is an analysis of the way dyadic agonistic relations (e.g. dominance relations) are affected by third group members and the relations among these. The paper presents data on the ontogeny of 'dependent dominance', the 'control role' of the alpha-male, and the functions of different types of alliances. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:412345 | Approved | no | ||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 213 | ||
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| Author | Anderson , M.C.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Behavioral adaptation to fixed-interval and fixed-time food delivery in golden hamsters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 33-49 |
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| Abstract | Food-deprived golden hamsters in a large enclosure received food every 30 sec contingent on lever pressing, or free while their behavior was continuously recorded in terms of an exhaustive classification of motor patterns. As with other species in other situations, behavior became organized into two main classes. One (terminal behaviors) increased in probability throughout interfood intervals; the other (interim behaviors) peaked earlier in interfood intervals. Which class an activity belonged to was independent of whether food was contingent on lever pressing. When food was omitted on some of the intervals (thwarting), the terminal activities began sooner in the next interval, and different interim activities changed in different ways. The interim activities did not appear to be schedule-induced in the usual sense. Rather, the hamsters left the area of the feeder when food was not due and engaged in activities they would normally perform in the experimental environment. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-5002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16811980 | Approved | no | ||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 388 | ||
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| Author | Berger, J. | ||||
| Title | Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 131-146 |
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| Abstract | 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition. 2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display. 3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands. 4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader. 5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 748 | ||
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| Author | Knill, L.M.; Eagleton, R.D.; Harver, E. | ||||
| Title | Physical optics of the equine eye | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 735-737 |
| Keywords | visual system function; Ocular Physiology | ||||
| Abstract | The equine eye was treated as a general lens system and calculations were done to determine image position in relation to the retina for objects at a distance of infinity, 100 m, and 1 m. The retina is 19.1 mm behind the posterior surface of the lens; therefore, the image appears 14.6 mm posterior to the retina at infinity and at 100 m, and 16.3 mm at 1-m distance on a horizontal axis. The animals studied were hyperopic. It is evident that the horse must move its head or eye, or both, for optimal visual acuity. At the same time, some objects in the total field of vision are imperceptible or indistinct. | ||||
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| ISSN | 00029645 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 15 May 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Knill, L.M. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 852 | ||
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| Author | Tsong, T.Y. | ||||
| Title | Conformational relaxations of urea- and guanidine hydrochloride-unfolded ferricytochrome c | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | The Journal of Biological Chemistry | Abbreviated Journal | J Biol Chem |
| Volume | 252 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 8778-8780 |
| Keywords | *Cytochrome c Group; Guanidines/*pharmacology; Protein Conformation/drug effects; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea/*pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | Several recent studies of protein the unfolded proteins. In urea- and guanidine HCl-unfolded ferricytochrome c (horse heart), an acid-induced spin state transformation of the heme group has been detected by the heme absorptions, Trp-59 fluorescence, and the intrinsic viscosity of protein. Kinetics of this second conformational transition, by the temperature jump and stopped flow methods, are complex. One rapid reaction (tau1), pH-independent, occurs in a 50-mus range; the second reaction (tau2), in a 1-ms range, depends linearly upon pH and is faster at the alkaline side; a third reaction (tau3), in a 1-s range, shows a sigmoidal transition at pH 5.1 and is faster at the acidic side. The results are consistent with a kinetic scheme which involves protein conformational changes in the transformation of the heme coordination state. The kinetics, along with previous equilibrium studies, indicate that ligand or charge interactions within a protein molecule are not completely prohibited even in strongly denaturing conditions, such as in high concentrations of urea and guanidine HCl. Thus, local structures of peptide chain associated with these interactions can exist in the unfolded protein. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-9258 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:200618 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3882 | ||
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| Author | Kihara, H.; Nakatani, H.; Hiromi, K.; Hon-Nami, K.; Oshima, T. | ||||
| Title | Kinetic studies on redox reactions of hemoproteins. I. Reduction of thermoresistant cytochrome c-552 and horse heart cytochrome c by ferrocyanide | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 460 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 480-489 |
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| Abstract | The oxidation-reduction reaction of horse heart cytochrome c and cytochrome c (552, Thermus thermophilus), which is highly thermoresistant, was studied by temperature-jump method. Ferrohexacyanide was used as reductant. Thermodynamic and activation parameters of the reaction obtained for both cytochromes were compared with each other. The results of this showed that (1) the redox potential of cytochrome c-552,+0.19 V, is markedly less than that of horse heart cytochrome c. (2) [up triangle, open]Hox++ of cytochrome c-552 is considerably lower than that of horse heart cytochrome c. (3) [up triangle, open]Hox++ and [up triangle, open]Sred++ of cytoochrome c-552 are more negative than those of horse heart cytochrome c. (4) kred of cytochrome c-552 is much lower than that of horse heart cytochrome c at room temperature. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3986 | ||
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