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| Author | Dubois, C.; Ricard, A. | ||||
| Title | Efficiency of past selection of the French Sport Horse: Selle Francais breed and suggestions for the future | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Livestock Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 161-171 |
| Keywords | Horse; Genetic trend; Selection; Jumping | ||||
| Abstract | Parameters of genetic trend of Selle Francais (SF) horse breed were studied from 1974 to 2002 and detailed since 1991 because historical BLUP animal model genetic evaluation for jumping competition was available since 1989. During this period, annual births varied from 6000 to 10,000. The annual genetic trend for show jumping was 0.055 of genetic standard deviation between 1985 and 1995 and 0.096 since 1995 without unfavourable trend for dressage (ΔG = + 0.002) and eventing (ΔG = + 0.011). The three parameters of genetic trend: the selection intensity (i = 1.95 for males, 0.48 for females), the accuracy (r = 0.66 for males, 0.60 for females), and the generation interval (L = 12.0 years for males, 11.5 for females) explained this result. Particularities were: a higher number of progeny for best sires which induced true selection intensity equal to 2.21, a new and important selection on progeny (46% births form sires tested on progeny between 2000 and 2002), a high rate of own performance test in competition for mares (45%) which induced high accuracy of mare pathway. However, demographic possibilities were not reached, the possible selection rate for male (1.5%) and females (49%) should increase genetic gain + 14% and + 11% respectively. The generation interval was too long: a better selection at first stage for males, with equal rapid test on progeny and a shorter period of reproduction, i.e. a higher number of foals per sire, should decrease the relative importance of progeny test and should decrease generation interval. The drop of mares aged more than 10 at first progeny should decrease 1.2 year generation interval without loss on accuracy. If breeders keep the same structure (test of stallion and majority of mares on their own performance), they could add new criteria (conformation, gaits...) in the breeding value estimation for SF and maintain the high genetic trend on jumping. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3946 | ||
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| Author | Ducro, B.J.; Koenen, E.P.C.; van Tartwijk, J.M.F.M.; Bovenhuis, H. | ||||
| Title | Genetic relations of movement and free-jumping traits with dressage and show-jumping performance in competition of Dutch Warmblood horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Livestock Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 107 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 227-234 |
| Keywords | Horse; Heritability; Movement; Free-jumping; Dressage | ||||
| Abstract | Genetic parameters for traits evaluated at the studbook entry inspection and genetic correlations with dressage and show-jumping performance in competition were estimated. Data comprised 36,649 Warmblood horses that entered the studbook between 1992 and 2002. The genetic analyses were performed using univariate and bivariate animal models. Heritabilities of the studbook entry traits were estimated in the range 0.15-0.40. The movement traits showed moderate to strong mutual genetic correlations, whereas the genetic correlations of movement traits with free-jumping traits were weak to moderate. The free-jumping traits showed strong to very strong mutual genetic correlations. Competition results of 33,459 horses with performance in dressage and 30,474 horse with performance in show-jumping were linked to the studbook entry data to estimate the genetic relationship with performance in competition. Heritability estimates for dressage and show jumping were 0.14. Genetic correlations of the movement traits with dressage were moderate to strong, and with show-jumping weak to moderate. Genetic correlations of the free-jumping traits with dressage were weak to moderate and unfavourable. The free-jumping traits were genetically strong to very strong correlated to show-jumping. It was concluded that a selection of the traits evaluated at the studbook entry inspection will favourably contribute to estimation of breeding values for sport performance. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3947 | ||
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| Author | Ducro, B.J.; Koenen, E.P.C.; van Tartwijk, J.M.F.M.; van Arendonk, J.A.M. | ||||
| Title | Genetic relations of First Stallion Inspection traits with dressage and show-jumping performance in competition of Dutch Warmblood horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Livestock Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 107 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 81-85 |
| Keywords | Riding horse; Heritability; Stallion inspection; Dressage; Show-jumping | ||||
| Abstract | Genetic parameters for traits evaluated at the First Stallion Inspection (FSI) and genetic correlations with dressage and show-jumping performance in competition were estimated. Data comprised 2361 stallions with FSI-observations from 1994 through 1999. Genetic analyses were performed using univariate and bivariate animal models. Heritability estimates of the FSI-traits ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. FSI-traits related to gaits showed strong genetic correlations (above 0.70) and FSI-traits related to free jumping had correlations close to unity. Competition results of 23,897 horses with performance in dressage and 22,811 horses with performance in show-jumping were linked to the FSI data to estimate the genetic relationship with performance in competition. Heritability estimates for dressage and show-jumping were 0.14. Genetic correlation between FSI-gaits and dressage in competition were positive, ranging from 0.37 to 0.72. Genetic correlation between FSI-jumping traits and show-jumping were all above 0.80. FSI-jumping traits showed negative correlations with dressage (about – 0.48). FSI-gait traits showed negative correlations with show-jumping, except for canter. It is concluded that selection at First Stallion Inspection comprises an important component of the stallion selection program, because FSI-traits have good genetic relationships with performance in competition and, due to the number of animals involved, relative high selection intensities can be achieved. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3948 | ||
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| Author | Hanggi, E.B.; Ingersoll, J.F.; Waggoner, T.L. | ||||
| Title | Color vision in horses (Equus caballus): deficiencies identified using a pseudoisochromatic plate test | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 121 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 65-72 |
| Keywords | Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Color Perception; Color Perception Tests/veterinary; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Horses/*psychology; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | In the past, equine color vision was tested with stimuli composed either of painted cards or photographic slides or through physiological testing using electroretinogram flicker photometry. Some studies produced similar results, but others did not, demonstrating that there was not yet a definitive answer regarding color vision in horses (Equus caballus). In this study, a pseudoisochromatic plate test--which is highly effective in testing color vision both in small children and in adult humans--was used for the first time on a nonhuman animal. Stimuli consisted of different colored dotted circles set against backgrounds of varying dots. The coloration of the circles corresponded to the visual capabilities of different types of color deficiencies (anomalous trichromacy and dichromacy). Four horses were tested on a 2-choice discrimination task. All horses successfully reached criterion for gray circles and demonstration circles. None of the horses were able to discriminate the protan-deutan plate or the individual protan or deutan plates. However, all were able to discriminate the tritan plate. The results suggest that horses are dichromats with color vision capabilities similar to those of humans with red-green color deficiencies. | ||||
| Address | Equine Research Foundation, Aptos, CA 95001, USA. EquiResF@aol.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17324076 | Approved | no | ||
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refbase @ user @ ; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 | Serial | 1972 | ||
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| Author | Hübener, Eberhard | ||||
| Title | Pferdgerechte Hilfen und der Zeitgeber dafür | Type | Journal | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Piaffe | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 1/2007 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | Harmonie zwischen Mensch und Pferd und Verständnis des Reiters für körperliche Beschaffenheit und Verhaltensweise des Pferdes fordern wahre Hippologen seit Jahrhunderten. Dauernde intensive Aufmerksamkeit ermöglicht dem Pferd, kaum sichtbare Signale des Leittiers oder des Reiters (!) wahrzunehmen und blitzschnell zu befolgen. Wir müssen mit dem Pferd also nicht umgehen, als sei es unwillig oder taub. Wenn der Reiter in perfekter Balance sitzt, möchte sein Schenkel während des Vorsetzens des gleichseitigen Pferde-Hinterbeins “selbsttätig” an den wegschwingenden Pferderumpf fallen. Dies ist der einzige Moment, in dem das Pferd eine vorwärtstreibende, seitwärtstreibende oder verhaltende Einwirkung des Reiters unmittelbar befolgen kann. Video-Aufnahmen bestätigen, was wir bereits vor über hundert Jahren wußten, was dann in unserer “Sportorganisation” aber irgendwie in Vergessenheit geriet. Natürlich dürfen wir den Schenkel nicht ständig ans Pferd fallen lassen, weil das Pferd das dann nicht mehr als Signal wertet. Wie die Schenkeleinwirkung 'an-' und 'abstellbar' ist, wird erläutert. Für das reiterliche Niveau hierzulande ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, daß junge Reiter an der Basis mit dem “selbsttätigen Schenkel” vertraut gemacht werden, sobald sie halbwegs sattelfest geworden sind. Jugendliche erlernen ihn spielend und verlieren ihn nie mehr, Erwachsene haben es da mangels ausreichender Beweglichkeit ihres Beckenringes wesentlich schwerer. Angesichts des höchst unzureichenden Angebotes guten Reitunterrichts könnte ein Lehr-Video zu diesem Thema überaus nützlich sein. Sponsoren dafür werden hier gesucht! Für Reiter, die den Balancesitz beherrschen und somit fühlen, wie ihre Schenkel an den wegschwingenden Pferderumpf fallen, ist Reiten fortan im Wesentlichen Selbstdisziplin. Daß wir wichtigste Elemente der Reitkunst verlieren können, wenn wir uns nicht mehr wissenschaftlich mit ihrem Inhalt auseinandersetzen, ist für den Autor Anlaß, sich in diesem Aufsatz erneut für interdisziplinäre universitäre Forschung zur Reitlehre und für die Unterstützung solcher Projekte durch die Spitzenorganisation einzusetzen. |
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| Publisher | Wu Wei Verlag | Place of Publication | D-86938 Schondorf | Editor | |
| Language | Deutsch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ | Serial | 4319 | ||
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| Author | Hübener, Eberhard | ||||
| Title | Horse-Appropriate Aids And Their Timer | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | www.reiten-lesen-denken.de | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Harmony between man and horse, and the rider`s understanding of the function of a horse`s body and mind – these are things that knowledgeable horsemen have demanded for centuries. Constant, focussed attention enables the horse to understand barely visible signals from its herd leader or its rider (!) and to act upon them instantly. Thus it is not necessary to treat a horse as if it were either unwilling or deaf. When the rider sits in perfect balance, his leg tends to fall “self-actively” against the horse`s trunk as it swings away when the horse`s hind leg on the same side moves forwards. This is the only moment in which a horse is able to immediately follow the signal from the rider to move forwards, sideways, or to hold back. Video footage proves what we already knew more than a hundred years ago, but which our sports organisations have somehow managed to forget. Of course we should not let our leg fall against the horse all the time, because then the horse will not register this as a signal. It is explained how to “switch on” and “switch off” the leg signals. For the equestrian standards in this country, it is essential that young riders are familiarized with the “self-active” leg, as soon as they are halfway firm in the saddle. Youngsters learn this easily and never forget it again; it is far more difficult for adults, as the pelvic ring is no longer so flexible. As there is a definite lack of good riding lessons, an instructive video on this subject would be extremely useful. Sponsors are urgently required! For riders who have mastered the balanced seat and can feel how their leg falls against the horse`s trunk as it swings away, riding becomes primarily a matter of self discipline. If we do not examine these matters scientifically, we are in danger of loosing the most important elements of the equestrian art. With this thought in mind, the author uses this essay to argue once again for interdisciplinary research of equitation at universities, and for the support of these projects by high ranking organisations. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ | Serial | 4320 | ||
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