Records |
Author |
Palme, R.; Touma, C.; Arias, N., Dominchin, M.N.; Lepschy, M. |
Title |
Steroid extraction: Get the best out of faecal samples |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Wiener Tierärztliche Wochenschriften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wien Tierärztl Monat – Vet Med Austria |
Volume |
100 |
Issue |
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Pages |
238-246. |
Keywords |
Review, faeces, extraction, non-invasive hormone monitoring, stress, reproduction. |
Abstract |
Faecal steroid hormone metabolites are becoming increasingly popular as parameters for reproductive functions and stress. The extraction of the steroids from the faecal matrix represents the initial step before quantification can be performed. The steroid metabolites present in the faecal matrix are of varying polarity and composition, so selection of a proper extraction procedure is essential. There have been some studies to address this complex but often neglected point. Radiolabelled steroids (e.g. cortisol or progesterone) have frequently been added to faecal samples to estimate the efficiency of the extraction procedures used. However, native, unmetabolized steroids are normally not present in the faeces and therefore the results are artifi- cial and do not accurately reflect the actual recoveries of the substances of interest. In this respect, recovery experiments based on faecal samples from radiometabolism studies are more informative. In these samples, the metabolite content accurately reflects the mixture of metabolites present in the given species. As a result, it is possible to evaluate different extraction methods for use with faecal samples. We present studies on sheep, horses, pigs, hares and dogs that utilized samples containing naturally metabolized, 14C-labelled steroids. We recommend extracting faecal steroids by simply suspending the faeces in a high percentage of a primary alcohol (for glucocorticoid metabolites 80% aqueous methanol proved best suited for virtually all mammalian species tested so far). Not only does the procedure significantly increase the total amount of recovered radioactivity, it also increases the percentage of unconjugated metabolites, which are more likely to be recognized by the antibodies used in various immunoassays. The advantages of this extraction procedure are clear: it is very easy to use (no evaporation step is needed), it yields high recoveries and variation based on the extraction procedure is reduced to a minimum. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6520 |
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Author |
Broekhuis, F.; Madsen, E.K.; Klaassen, B. |
Title |
Predators and pastoralists: how anthropogenic pressures inside wildlife areas influence carnivore space use and movement behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Animal Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Conserv |
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Keywords |
cheetah; livestock; movement; human pressure; protected areas; space use |
Abstract |
Abstract Across the globe, wildlife populations and their behaviours are negatively impacted by people. Protected areas are believed to be an antidote to increasing human pressures but even they are not immune to the impact of anthropogenic activities. Areas that have been set aside for the protection of wildlife therefore warrant more attention when investigating the impact of anthropogenic pressures on wildlife. We use cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus as a case study to explore how a large carnivore responds to anthropogenic pressures inside wildlife areas. Using GPS-collar data we investigate cheetah space use, both when moving and stationary, and movement parameters (speed and turn angles) in relation to human disturbance, distance to human settlement, livestock abundance and livestock site use inside wildlife areas. Space use was negatively influenced by human disturbance, resulting in habitat loss and fragmentation and potentially reducing landscape permeability between neighbouring wildlife areas. Cheetahs were also less likely to stop in areas where livestock numbers were high, but more likely to stop in areas that were frequently used by livestock. The latter could reflect that cheetahs are attracted to livestock however, cheetahs in the study area rarely predated on livestock. It is therefore more likely that areas that are frequently used by livestock attract wild herbivores, which in turn could influence cheetah space use. We did not find any effects of people and livestock on cheetahs? speed and turn angles which might be related to the resolution of the data. We found that cheetahs are sensitive to human pressures and we believe that they could be an indicator species for other large carnivores facing similar challenges. We suggest that further research is needed to determine the levels of anthropogenic pressures needed to maintain ecological integrity, especially inside wildlife areas. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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1367-9430 |
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doi: 10.1111/acv.12483 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6522 |
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Author |
Lee, P. |
Title |
Adaptation to environmental change:an evolutionary perspective |
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Book Chapter |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Primate responses to environmental changes |
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39-56 |
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Chapmann & Hall |
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London |
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H. O. Box |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6523 |
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Author |
Beck, B. B. |
Title |
Animal tool behaviour: The use and manufacture of tools by animals |
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Book Whole |
Year |
1980 |
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Garland |
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New York |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6524 |
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Author |
Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. |
Title |
The opening of milk bottles by birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
British Birds |
Abbreviated Journal |
British Birds |
Volume |
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42 |
Pages |
347-357 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6525 |
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Author |
Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A. |
Title |
Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Comp. Psychol |
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19 |
Issue |
2 |
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223-240 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6526 |
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Author |
Thorpe, W. H. |
Title |
Learning and Instinct in Animals. |
Type |
Book Whole |
Year |
1963 |
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Methuen |
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London |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6527 |
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Author |
Burke, C.; Rashman, M.; Wich, S.; Symons, A.; Theron, C.; Longmore, S. |
Title |
Optimizing observing strategies for monitoring animals using drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
439-467 |
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Abstract |
ABSTRACTThe proliferation of relatively affordable off-the-shelf drones offers great opportunities for wildlife monitoring and conservation. Similarly the recent reduction in the cost of thermal infrared cameras also offers new promise in this field, as they have the advantage over conventional RGB cameras of being able to distinguish animals based on their body heat and being able to detect animals at night. However, the use of drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras comes with several technical challenges. In this article, we address some of these issues, namely thermal contrast problems due to heat from the ground, absorption and emission of thermal infrared radiation by the atmosphere, obscuration by vegetation, and optimizing the flying height of drones for a best balance between covering a large area and being able to accurately image and identify animals of interest. We demonstrate the application of these methods with a case study using field data and make the first ever detection of the critically endangered riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis) in thermal infrared data. We provide a web-tool so that the community can easily apply these techniques to other studies (http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/aricburk/uav_calc/). |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0143-1161 |
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doi: 10.1080/01431161.2018.1558372 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6528 |
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Author |
Forrester, G.; Hudry, K.; Lindell, A.; Hopkins, W. D. |
Title |
Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases |
Type |
Book Whole |
Year |
2018 |
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238 |
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Academic Press |
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Cambridge |
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9780128146729 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6530 |
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Author |
Reader, S. M.; Laland, K.N. |
Title |
Animal Innovation |
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Book Whole |
Year |
2003 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6531 |
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