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Abstract: Information on the present population and status of the Indian Wild Ass Equus hemionus khur Lesson, 1827, is scanty. For this reason I was prompted to undertake this brief fact-finding survey, especially as South African Horse Sickness had been reported in that part of India recently. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources sponsored my expedition, and the World Wildlife Fund very kindly paid my travelling expenses from the eastern part of India to the furthest western tip of the country.
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George Jr M, R. O. (1986). Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the genus Equus. Molecular Biol Evol, 3, 535–546.
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GEYER CJ et al PY. 1989,. (). Gene survival in the Asian wild horse: II.Gene survival in the whole population, in subgroups, and through history. Zoo Biol, 8, 313–329.
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Geyer Cj, T. E. (1988). Gene survival in the Asian wild horse: I. Dependence of gene survival in the Calgary breeding group pedigree. Zoo Biol, 7, 313–327.
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Giebel H-D,. (1958). Visuelles Lernvermögen bei Einhufern. Zoolog Jb, 67, 33–519.
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Gingerich Pd,. (1981). Variation, sexual dimorphism, and social structure in the early Eocene horse Hyracotherium. Paleobiol, , 443–455.
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Ginsberg, J. R.,. (1989). The ecology of female behaviour and male mating success in the Grevy's zebra. Symp zool Soc Lond, 61, 89–110.
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Ginsberg, J. R., & Rubenstein, D. I. (1990). Sperm competiton and variation in zebra mating behaviour. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 26(6), 427–434.
Abstract: Data are presented on the breeding behavior of two zebra species to test whether intra- and interspecific variation in male reproductive behavior and physiology are correlated with differences in female promiscuity. In one species, plains zebra (Equus burchelli) females live in closed membership single male groups and mate monandrously. In the other species, the Grevy's zebra (E. grevyi) females live in groups whose membership is much more temporary. Typically, associations with individual males are brief and mating is polyandrous. However, some females – those having just given birth – reside with one male for long periods, mating monandrously. These differences in female mating behavior generate variability in the potential for sperm competition. We show that behavioral differences in male investment in reproductive activities correlate with the potential for sperm competition. When mating with promiscuous mares, Grevy's zebra stallions made a greater investment in reproductive behavior (calling, mounting, ejaculations) than did stallions of either species when mating with monandrous females. The evolution of large testes size in the Grevy's zebra, when compared to the congeneric plains zebra, horse, and mountain zebra, allows for this increased investment.
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GINTHER OJ et al,. (1972). Characteristics of estrus, diestrus and ovulation in mares and effects of season and nursing. Am J Vet Res, 33, 1935–1939.
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