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	Author	Rodier, F.
	Title	[Spectral properties of porcine plasminogen: study of the acidic transition (author's transl)]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication	European journal of biochemistry / FEBS	Abbreviated Journal	Eur J Biochem
	Volume	63	Issue	2	Pages	553-562
	Keywords	Animals; Binding Sites; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; *Plasminogen; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Swine; Temperature
	Abstract	The acidic transition of porcine plasminogen, prepared by affinity chromatography, was studied by non-destructive methods. These methods are based on the analysis of the behaviour of the tryptophyls under various conditions. The perturbation of the absorption and emission spectra by pH or temperature and the dynamic quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence are used to obtain information on structural changes which affect the environment of these residues. It is shown that by decreasing pH the fluorescence emission spectra are shifted toward the long wavelengths, with a broadening of the fluorescence band. The same effect can be obtained at constant pH by heating the protein solution. In order to analyze these phenomena, it is assumed that the fluorescence intensities at 355 nm and 328 nm reflect the proportion of the tryptophans which are exposed to the solvent, and buried, respectively. The plot of the ratio of the fluorescence intensities at these wavelengths versus pH or temperature leads to a titration curve showing an unmasking of tryptophans. The proportion of exposed tryptophans is measured by the dynamic fluorescence quenching technique and the data analyzed according to Lehrer. The plot of the fraction of exposed tryptophyls versus pH also shows the unmasking of these chromophores. Thermal perturbation of a solution of plaminogen at neutral pH induces a difference absorption spectrum whose amplitudes at the maxima are proportional to the number of exposed aromatic residues. The comparison with a solution of fully denatured plasminogen in 6 M guanidium chloride, where all the tryptophyls are exposed, shows that the percentage of exposure is equal to 59%. This number is significantly higher than the percentage found by the fluorescence quenching technique (20%), indicating that some tryptophyls are located in crevices, exposed to the solvent but not to the iodide. At acidic pH the absorption difference spectra induced by thermal perturbation are not classical, since they show an inversion and a new band between 300 nm and 305 nm. This band is mentioned in the literature as a minor band of tryptophan which appears when this chromophore is located in an asymmetric environment. On plotting the maximum amplitude of these spectra obtained at acidic pH versus temperature, we obtain a curve indicating that two types of antagonistic interactions are involved in the perturbation of the chromophores spectra. The spectrophotometric titration of plasminogen gives classical absorption difference spectra. By plotting the maximum amplitude at 292 nm versus pH, we obtain a titration curve with an apparent pK of 2.9 units. This pK is acidic which respect to the pK value of a normal carboxyl. This low value can be due to a positively charged group in the neighbourhood of a carboxyl, which interacts with one or more chromophores. When the carboxyl becomes protonated, this positively charged group is free and available to perturb the environment of some chromophores...
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	French	Summary Language		Original Title	Proprietes spectrales du plasminogene porcin. Etude de la transition acide
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0014-2956	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:4326			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ knut @			Serial	22
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	Author	Eisenmann V,
	Title	Le protostylide: valeur systématique et signification phylétique chez les espèces actuelles et fossiles du genre Equus			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Z Säugetierk
	Volume	41	Issue		Pages	349-365
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1048
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	Author	Hagen H,
	Title	Verhalten beim Steppenzebra			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Die Welt der Tiere
	Volume		Issue		Pages	170-172
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1157
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	Author	Hansen Rm,
	Title	Foods of free-roaming horses in southern New Mexico			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	J Range Mgmt
	Volume	29	Issue		Pages	347
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1159
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	Author	Heck H,
	Title	Die Erhaltung des Pzewalskipferdes			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1170
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	Author	Hubbard Re, H.R.
	Title	Diets of wild horses, cattles and mule deer in the Piceance Basin, Colorado			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	J Range Mgmt 29
	Volume		Issue		Pages	389-392
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1206
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	Author	Janis C,
	Title	The evolutionary strategy of the Equidae and the origins of rumen and cecal digestion			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Evolution
	Volume	30	Issue		Pages	757-774
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1217
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	Author	Jaworowska M,
	Title	Verhaltensbeobaachtungen an primitiven polnischen Pferden, die in einem polnischen Wald – Schutzgebiet – in Freiheit lebend – erhalten werden			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Säugetierk Mitt
	Volume	24	Issue		Pages	241-268
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1220
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	Author	Keiper Rr,
	Title	Interactions between cattle egrets and feral ponies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Proc Pennsyl Acad
	Volume	50	Issue		Pages	89-90
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1249
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	Author	Keiper, R.
	Title	Social organization of feral ponies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Proc Pennsyl Acad Sci
	Volume	50	Issue		Pages	69-70
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1250
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