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| Author | Roth II,T.C.; Cox, J.G.; Lima, S.L. | ||||
| Title | The Use and Transfer of Information About Predation Risk in Flocks of Wintering Finches | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1218 - 1226 |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT Several studies in behavior have focused in some way on how groups of prey gather and use information about predation risk. Although asymmetries in information about risk exist among members of real groups, we know little about how such uneven information might affect individual or group antipredator decisions. Hence, we studied the use and transfer of information about the risk of predation in small flocks of wintering birds. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus; 28 groups of three) were held in large enclosures divided into safe and risky patches. We controlled the information about risk available to each individual by conducting attacks with a model hawk that was visible to only a single (informed) bird. Repeated attacks on a single individual did not reduce the amount of feeding by other birds in that patch, although the time to resume feeding after observing a response to an attack event was somewhat longer than after a no attack event. These results suggest that informed individuals impart some information to naive (uninformed) birds, but this effect was not strong. In fact, the frequent return of informed individuals to feeders after observing uninformed individuals feed suggests that finches relied more on public information regarding safety than their own personal information in deciding when to feed. Group patch choice appeared to be based on a majority-rules decision, although an effect of dominance status was apparent. Our results suggest that subordinate flock members may exert a large influence over group decision-making by acting as spatial 'anchors'. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4704 | ||
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| Author | Dunbar, R. I. M.; Bever, J. | ||||
| Title | Neocortex size predicts group size in carnivores and some insectivores | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 108 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 695-708 |
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| Abstract | Neocortex size has been shown to correlate with group size in primates. Data for carnivores and insectivores are used to test the generality of this relationship. The data suggest that carnivores lie on the same grade as the primates, but that insectivores lie on a separate grade to the left of these two orders. Among the insectivores, there appears to be a distinction between the 'advanced' genera (which show a relationship between group size and neocortex size) and the 'basal' genera (which do not). | ||||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4734 | ||
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| Author | Bourjade, M.; Moulinot, M.; Henry, S.; Richard-Yris, M.-A. Hausberger.M | ||||
| Title | Could Adults be Used to Improve Social Skills of Young Horses, Equus caballus? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 50 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 408-417 |
| Keywords | horse • social influence • young-adult interaction • social development | ||||
| Abstract | We investigated the effects of the introduction of foreign adults on the behavior of young horses. First, we observed the behavior of 1- and 2-year-old domestic horses housed in same-age and same-sex groups (a standard housing system, but different from a natural situation). Then, two same-sex adults were introduced into each experimental group. Observations made before, during and after an introduction indicated that young horses reared in homogeneous groups of young had different behaviors compared to other domestic horses reared under more socially natural conditions. After the introduction of adults, young horses expressed new behaviors, preferential social associations emerged, positive social behavior increased and agonistic interactions decreased. These results have important implications both for understanding the influence that adults may have on the behavior of young horses, and in terms of husbandry, indicating the importance of keeping young horses with adults, although further studies are still necessary. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 408-417, 2008. | ||||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4800 | ||
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| Author | Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
| Title | Decision-making in Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) is driven by the ecological contexts of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 321-330 |
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| Abstract | We addressed decision-making processes in the collective movements of two groups of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) living in a semi free-ranging population. We investigated whether different patterns of group movement are related to certain ecological contexts (habitat use and group activity) and analysed the possible decision-making processes involved. We found two distinct patterns; ‘single-bout’ and ‘multiplebout’ movements occurred in both study groups. The movements were defined by the occurrence of collective stops between bouts and differed by their duration, distance covered and ecological context. For both movements, we found that a preliminary period involving several horses occurred before departure. In single-bout movements, all group members rapidly joined the first moving horse, independently of the preliminary period. In multiple-bout movements, however, the joining process was longer; in particular when the number of decision-makers and their pre-departure behaviour before departure increased. Multiplebout movements were more often used by horses to switch habitats and activities. This observation demonstrates that the horses need more time to resolve motivational conflicts before these departures. We conclude that decision-making in Przewalski horses is based on a shared consensus process driven by ecological determinants. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4801 | ||
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| Author | Hinz, K.; Sennet, S.; Maros, K.; Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Waiting behaviour in front of a computerized feeding system in an active stable – Effects on heart rate, heart rate variability and sensory laterality in horses | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Current research in applied ethology [Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | computerized feeding, waiting situation, stress, horse | ||||
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| Publisher | KTBL-Schrift 510 | Place of Publication | Darmstadt | Editor | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-945088-13-5 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5927 | ||
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| Author | Fraser, N.O.; Schino,G.; Aureli, F.F | ||||
| Title | Components of Relationship Quality in Chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 834-843 |
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| Abstract | A novel approach to studying social relationships in captive adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was taken by using principal components analysis (PCA) to extract three key components of relationship quality from nine behavioural variables. Based on the loadings of the behavioural variables, the components appeared to match previously hypothesized critical aspects of social relationships and were therefore labelled Value, Compatibility and Security. The effects of kinship, sex combination, age difference and time spent together on each of the relationship quality components were analysed. As expected, kin were found to have more valuable, compatible and secure relationships than non-kin. Female2013female dyads were found to be more compatible than male2013male or mixed-sex dyads, whereas the latter were found to be most secure. Partners of a similar age were found to have more secure and more valuable relationships than those with a larger age gap. Individuals that were together in the group for longer were more valuable and more compatible, but their relationships were found to be less secure than individuals that were together in the group for a shorter time. Although some of the results may be unexpected based on chimpanzee socio-ecology, they fit well overall with the history and social dynamics of the study group. The methods used confer a significant advantage in producing quantitative composite measures of each component of relationship quality, obtained in an objective manner. These findings therefore promote the use of such measures in future studies requiring an assessment of the qualities of dyadic social relationships. | ||||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4936 | ||
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| Author | Giada Cordoni; Elisabetta Palagi | ||||
| Title | Reconciliation in Wolves (Canis lupus) – New Evidence for a Comparative Perspective | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | Pages | 298 - 308 | |
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| Abstract | Social animals gain benefits from cooperative behaviours. However, social systems also imply competition and conflict of interest. To cope with dispersal forces, group-living animals use several peace-keeping tactics, which have been deeply investigated in primates. Other taxa, however, have been often neglected in this field research. Wolves (Canis lupus) with their high sociality and cooperative behaviour may be a good model species to investigate the reconciliation process. In this study, we provide the first evidence for the occurrence of reconciliation in a group of zoo-kept wolves. The conciliatory contacts were uniformly distributed across the different sex-class combinations. We found a linear dominance hierarchy in the colony under study, although the hierarchical relationships did not seem to affect the reconciliation dynamics. Moreover, both aggressors and victims initiated first post-conflict affinitive contact with comparable rates and both high- and low-intensity conflicts were reconciled with similar percentages. Finally, we found that coalitionary support may be a good predictor for high level of conciliatory contacts in this species. | ||||
| Address | Centro Interdipartimentale Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universit di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Giardino Zoologico di Pistoia, Pistoia, Italy DOI – 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01474.x | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | © 2008 The Authors | Editor | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4937 | ||
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| Author | Fedurek, P.; Dunbar, R. I. M. | ||||
| Title | What Does Mutual Grooming Tell Us About Why Chimpanzees Groom? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 566 - 575 |
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| Abstract | Grooming might be a resource that is offered in exchange for some benefit (e.g. access to a feeding site or coalitionary support) or it might be a mechanism for building and servicing social relationships, whose function, in turn, is to facilitate the exchange of resources and services. Bi-directional (or simultaneous mutual) grooming is unusually common among chimpanzees (though rare in other primates) and we suggest that this might be because it is an especially strong indicator of social bonding. Because the bonding role of bi-directional grooming offers substantially different predictions from the interpretation offered by the models based on reciprocal altruism (RA), we use a critical tests methodology (i.e. tests that unequivocally support one hypothesis at the expense of the other) to differentiate between the bonding and RA hypotheses. We use data on the dynamics of grooming interactions from a captive group of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to show that dominant individuals tolerated the individuals with whom they performed bi-directional grooming more than they did those who typically provided them unidirectional grooming. Dominants rejected and terminated grooming sessions more often with the individuals who provided them with mostly unidirectional grooming than with those with whom they groomed bi-directionally. In addition, animals engaged in bi-directional grooming more often with both relatives and those with whom they were often in proximity. These results support the bonding model of mutually reciprocated grooming at the expense of the RA model, and suggest that, at least in chimpanzees, simultaneous mutual grooming may play a particularly important role in social bonding. | ||||
| Address | School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Cognitive & Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK DOI – 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01637.x | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | © 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH | Editor | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4941 | ||
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| Author | Amandine Ramseyer; Bernard Thierry; Alain Boissy; Bertrand Dumont | ||||
| Title | Decision-making Processes in Group Departures of Cattle | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 948-957 |
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| Abstract | To keep social cohesiveness, group-living animals have to reach consensus decisions through recruitment processes. This implies that decision-making depends on the behaviours and social relationships of several group members at different stages of movements. We tested these assumptions in a group of fifteen 18-mo-old Charolais heifers (Bos taurus) at pasture, in which two observers continuously videotaped social interactions and group departures after resting periods. These departures were preceded by a phase of preparation characterized by an increase in activity. The number of heifers participating to a movement increased with the number of group members oriented in the direction of the movement before departure. The first moving animal also recruited a higher number of mates when it had a greater number of close neighbours, the first individuals to follow being mainly its preferential partners. Coercive interactions such as pressing behaviours were observed within the 5 min preceding or following departure. After departure, the numbers of walks and restarts of the first two movers were still operative in recruiting others. The frequency of pauses of the first mover was significantly higher when it was not followed, meaning that it adjusted its behaviour to that of other group members. Decision-making was distributed among group members, with any individual being liable to move first. The behaviour of cows and their spatial distribution before departure, at departure and after departure significantly affected the number of participants in the movement, demonstrating that decision-making was time-distributed in the studied cattle group. | ||||
| Address | INRA, UR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Gens-Champanelle, France; Dpartement Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, IPHC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | © 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH | Editor | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4992 | ||
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| Author | Raquel Monclús; Heiko G. Rödel | ||||
| Title | Influence of Different Individual Traits on Vigilance Behaviour in European Rabbits | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 758-766 |
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| Abstract | An animal's level of vigilance depends on various environmental factors such as predator presence or the proximity of conspecific competitors. In addition, several individual traits may influence vigilance. We investigated the effects of body condition, social rank and the state of pregnancy on individual vigilance (scanning) rates in individually marked European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of a field enclosure population. We found lower rates in young rabbits than in adult females, but male and female juveniles did not differ. Vigilance of juveniles was positively correlated with their age-dependent body mass (used as a measure of body condition), i.e. young rabbits with lower body condition scanned less. We suggest that juveniles with low body condition were trading off vigilance against feeding to maximise their growth. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between body mass and vigilance in adult females. Adult females increased scanning rates during late pregnancy, which might constitute a behavioural compensation because of their lower capacity to escape predator attacks. In addition, adult females with low social ranks scanned more than high ranking individuals, likely because of their higher risk of attacks by conspecifics. In summary, our results highlight various individual characteristics that influence vigilance behaviour in European rabbits. | ||||
| Address | Unidad de Zoologa, Dpto. Biologa, Universidad Autnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | © 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH | Editor | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4994 | ||
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