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Author | Brooks, C.J.; Harris, S. | ||||
Title | Directed movement and orientation across a large natural landscape by zebras, Equus burchelli antiquorum | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 76 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 277-285 |
Keywords | correlated random walk; directed movement; Equus burchelli antiquorum; Gps; movement path; orientation; spatial memory; spatial scale; zebra | ||||
Abstract | We investigated how plains zebras moved across a large natural landscape by analysing the movement paths of nine zebra mares foraging out from spatially confined waterholes during the dry season in the Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, Botswana. Since it was essential to investigate directed movement over a range of spatial scales to determine the correct movement behaviour and strategy, we used Nams's scaling test for oriented movement. Zebras followed directed movement paths in the lower to medium spatial scales (10 m–3.7 km) and above their visual, and possibly olfactory, range. The spatial scale of directed movement suggests that zebras had a well-defined spatial awareness and cognitive ability. Seven zebras used directed movement paths, but the remaining two followed paths not significantly different to a correlated random walk (CRW). At large spatial scales (>3 km) no distinct movement pattern could be identified and paths could not be distinguished from a CRW. Foraging strategy affected the extent of directed movement: zebras with a confined dispersion of grazing patches around the central place directed their movements over a longer distance. Zebras may extend the distance at which they can direct their movement after improving their knowledge of the local environment. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6148 | ||
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Author | Murray, L.M.A.; Byrne, K.; D’Eath, R.B. | ||||
Title | Pair-bonding and companion recognition in domestic donkeys, <em>Equus asinus</em> | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 143 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 67-74 |
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Abstract | Pair and social bonding has been documented in various taxa, where pair formations are often described as being driven by kinship or sexual motivation. However, pair-bonding between unrelated individuals where sexual motivation is not a factor is not well documented. Many social relationships and pair-bonds between members of a dyad are facilitated by each individual's ability to recognise their partner using cues which are characteristic of that particular individual. The aims of this study were i) to investigate the existence of pair-bonding in domestic donkeys and ii) to determine whether members of a dyad could recognise their companion during a Y-maze recognition test. Subjects were 55 unrelated donkeys (38 gelded males, 15 females) in seven groups of mixed or same sex, comprising 4?14 individuals. Spatial proximity (nearest-neighbour) was observed three times a day over a 22-day period. Using a simulation approach based on observed data to generate randomised nearest-neighbour matrices, the statistical significance of social relationships was estimated. Of these, 42 (79.2%) were involved in significantly (p<0.05) non-random nearest-neighbour relationships, most of which were reciprocal pair relationships. Based on the spatial data, 24 of the donkeys which had shown significant reciprocal nearest-neighbour preferences for one individual (companion) were then used in a Y-maze recognition test in which they were presented with a choice of their companion and either a familiar donkey from the same group or an unfamiliar donkey from a different group. Donkeys? spatial location in the Y-maze demonstrated a preference for their companion versus familiar (one sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, W=239, p=0.002) or unfamiliar donkeys (W=222, p=0.041). These results verify anecdotal evidence from donkey handlers that donkeys often form pair-bonds, and show that reciprocal social preference and recognition are the basis of these. Pair-bond formation and companionship among donkeys have potential implications for their management, husbandry and welfare. | ||||
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Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.11.005 | Approved | no | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6149 | ||
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Author | Schnabel, C.L.; Babasyan, S.; Freer, H.; Wagner, B. | ||||
Title | Quantification of equine immunoglobulin A in serum and secretions by a fluorescent bead-based assay | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 188 | Issue | Pages | 12-20 | |
Keywords | Horse; Immunoglobulin A; Monoclonal antibody; Fluorescent bead-based assay; Mucosal secretion | ||||
Abstract | Abstract Only few quantitative reports exist about the concentrations and induction of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mucosal secretions of horses. Despite this, it is widely assumed that IgA is the predominant immunoglobulin on mucosal surfaces in the horse. Here, two new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against equine IgA, clones 84-1 and 161-1, were developed and characterized in detail. Both IgA mAbs specifically bound monomeric and dimeric equine IgA in different applications, such as Western blots and fluorescent bead-based assays. Cross-reactivity with other equine immunoglobulin isotypes was not observed. The new IgA mAb 84-1 was used in combination with the previously characterized anti-equine IgA mAb BVS2 for the development and validation of a fluorescent bead-based assay to quantify total IgA in equine serum and various secretions. The IgA assay's linear detection ranged from 64 pg/ml to 1000 ng/ml. For the quantification of IgA in serum or in secretions an IgA standard was purified from serum or nasal wash fluid (secretory IgA), respectively. The different standards were needed for accurate IgA quantification in the respective samples taking the different signal intensities of monomeric and dimeric IgA on the florescent bead-based assay into account. IgA was quantified by the bead-based assay established here in different equine samples of healthy adult individuals. In serum the median total IgA was 0.45 mg/ml for Thoroughbred horses (TB, n = 10) and 1.16 mg/ml in Icelandic horses (ICH, n = 12). In nasopharyngeal secretions of TB (n = 7) 0.13 mg/ml median total IgA was measured, and 0.25 mg/ml for ICH (n = 12). Saliva of ICH (n = 6) contained a median of 0.15 mg/ml, colostrum of Warmbloods (n = 8) a median of 1.89 mg/ml IgA. Compared to IgG1 and IgG4/7 quantified in the same samples, IgA appeared as the major immunoglobulin isotype in nasopharyngeal secretions and saliva while it is a minor isotype in serum and colostrum. The newly developed monoclonal antibodies against equine IgA and the resulting bead-based assay for quantification of total IgA can notably improve the evaluation of mucosal immunity in horses. | ||||
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ISSN | 0165-2427 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6152 | ||
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Author | Briard, L.; Dorn, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 121 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 888-902 |
Keywords | decision-making; equids; hierarchy; leadership; social network | ||||
Abstract | Understanding how groups of individuals with different motives come to daily decisions about the exploitation of their environment is a key question in animal behaviour. While interindividual differences are often seen only as a threat to group cohesion, growing evidence shows that they may to some extent facilitate effective collective action. Recent studies suggest that personality differences influence how individuals are attracted to conspecifics and affect their behaviour as an initiator or a follower. However, most of the existing studies are limited to a few taxa, mainly social fish and arthropods. Horses are social herbivores that live in long-lasting groups and show identifiable personality differences between individuals. We studied a group of 38 individuals living in a 30-ha hilly pasture. Over 200 h, we sought to identify how far individual differences such as personality and affinity distribution affect the dynamic of their collective movements. First, we report that individuals distribute their relationships according to similar personality and hierarchical rank. This is the first study that demonstrates a positive assortment between unrelated individuals according to personality in a mammal species. Second, we measured individual propensity to initiate and found that bold individuals initiated more often than shy individuals. However, their success in terms of number of followers and joining duration did not depend on their individual characteristics. Moreover, joining process is influenced by social network, with preferred partners following each other and bolder individuals being located more often at the front of the movement. Our results illustrate the importance of taking into account interindividual behavioural differences in studies of social behaviours. | ||||
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ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6153 | ||
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Author | McGreevy, P. | ||||
Title | Equine Behavior A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Abstract | Chapter 1 – Introduction, Pages 1-36 Chapter 2 – Perception, Pages 37-54 Chapter 3 – Behavior and the brain, Pages 55-84, Caroline Hahn Chapter 4 – Learning, Pages 85-118 Chapter 5 – Social behavior, Pages 119-150 Chapter 6 – Communication, Pages 151-163 Chapter 7 – Locomotory behavior, Pages 165-187 Chapter 8 – Ingestive behavior, Pages 189-215 Chapter 9 – Eliminative behavior, Pages 217-221 Chapter 10 – Body care, Pages 223-243 Chapter 11 – Behavior of the stallion, Pages 245-264 Chapter 12 – Behavior of the mare, Pages 265-290 Chapter 13 – Training, Pages 291-311, Andrew McLean, Paul McGreevy Chapter 14 – Handling and transport, Pages 313-329 Chapter 15 – Miscellaneous unwelcome behaviors, their causes and resolution, Pages 331-345 Further reading, Page 347 Glossary, Pages 351-356 Index, Pages 357-369 |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-7020-2634-8 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6154 | ||
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Author | McDonnell, S. | ||||
Title | Understanding horse behavior. Your guide to horse health care and management | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 99 pp. | ||
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Abstract | The author has conducted much research on equine behaviour, and here presents her findings in a form suitable for owners of horses. Common behavioural problems are mentioned. | ||||
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Publisher | Blood-Horse Inc. | Place of Publication | Lexington, KY 40544-4038 | Editor | |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | ISBN | 1581500173 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Author Affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA. | Approved | no | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6155 | ||
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Author | Ward, A; Webster, M. | ||||
Title | Sociality: The Behaviour of Group-Living Animals | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Covers the aspects of social behaviour of animals in comprehensive form Provides a clear overview to up-to-date empirical and theoretical research on social animal behaviour Discusses collective animal behaviour, social networks and animal personality in detail The last decade has seen a surge of interest among biologists in a range of social animal phenomena, including collective behaviour and social networks. In ‘Animal Social Behaviour’, authors Ashley Ward and Michael Webster integrate the most up-to-date empirical and theoretical research to provide a new synthesis of the field, which is aimed at fellow researchers and postgraduate students on the topic. ​ |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6156 | ||
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Author | Wynne C. D. L. | ||||
Title | Animal Cognition: The Mental Lives of Animals | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Covering a wide range of key topics, from reasoning and communication to sensation and complex problem-solving, this engagingly-written text presents a comprehensive survey of contemporary research on animal cognition. Written for anyone with an interest in animal cognition, but without a background in animal behaviour, it endeavours to explain what makes animals tick. With numerous illustrations and including exciting recent studies from many little-studied species (such as the weakly electric African fish), this text is ideal for psychology students who are interested in how much of our human cognition is shared by other species, for students of biology who want to know how complex animal behaviour can get, and for all those with an interest in the animal mind. |
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Publisher | Palgrave | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780333923955 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6157 | ||
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Author | Baragli, P.; Demuru, E.; Scopa, C.; Palagi, E. | ||||
Title | Are horses capable of mirror self-recognition? A pilot study | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 5 | Pages | e0176717 |
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Abstract | Mirror Self-Recognition (MSR) unveils complex cognitive, social and emotional skills and it has been found only in humans and few other species, such as great apes, dolphins, elephants and magpies. In this pilot study, we tested if horses show the capacity of MSR. Four subjects living socially under naturalistic conditions were selected for the experiment. We adopted the classical mark test, which consists in placing a coloured mark on an out-of-view body part, visible only through mirror inspection. If the animal considers the image as its own, it will use its reflection to detect the mark and will try to explore it. We enhanced the classical paradigm by introducing a double-check control. Only in the presence of the reflecting surface, animals performed tactile and olfactory exploration of the mirror and looked behind it. These behaviors suggest that subjects were trying to associate multiple sensory cues (visual, tactile and olfactory) to the image in the mirror. The lack of correspondence between the collected stimuli in front of the mirror and the response to the colored mark lead us to affirm that horses are able to perceive that the reflected image is incongruent when compared with the memorized information of a real horse. However, without replication of data, the self-directed behavior towards the colored marks showed by our horses cannot be sufficient per se to affirm that horses are capable of self-recognition. | ||||
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Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6158 | ||
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Author | König v. Borstel, U.; Visser, E.K.; Hall, C. | ||||
Title | Indicators of stress in equitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 190 | Issue | Pages | 43-56 | |
Keywords | Stress; Horse; Riding; Heart rate variability; Cortisol; Behaviour | ||||
Abstract | Abstract Stress is a generic concept describing the body's reaction to external stimuli, including both physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, by definition, the assessment of psychological stress in the exercising horse encompasses the problem of teasing apart the psychological and physiological factors both of which result in stress responses. The present study reviews the existing literature on various measures of stress taken specifically in the context of equitation science. Particular attention has been paid to short-term effects, and commonly used measurements of short-term stress include heart rate, a number of heart rate variability parameters, blood or saliva cortisol levels, eye temperature, and various behaviour parameters including in particular behaviour patterns presumably indicative of conflict with the rider's/trainer's aids. Inspection of the individual studies' results revealed that disagreement between these different measures of stress is commonplace. For physiological parameters, the largest proportion of agreement (i.e. both parameters simultaneously indicated either higher, insignificant or lower stress compared to a control treatment) was found for heart rate and heart rate variability parameters, while generally limited agreement was found for cortisol. It appears that cortisol levels may not be particularly useful for assessing/assessment of the valence of a situation in the exercising horse as cortisol levels are predominantly linked to activation and exercise levels. Although heart rate variability parameters reflect in theory more closely sympathovagal balance compared to cortisol levels, great care has to be taken regarding the use of appropriate time-frames, appropriate raw data correction methods as well as the use of appropriate equipment. In spite of its wide-spread and apparently successful use, popular equipment may in fact not be accurate enough under field conditions. Eye temperature is another promising parameter for assessment of psychological stress, but the technique is likewise susceptible to application errors. Given the high susceptibility of physiological parameters to errors at various experimental stages, behavioural rather than physiological parameters may in fact provide more accurate measures of valence when conducting experiments in the exercising horse. Behavioural parameters that appear to be particularly practical in assessing stress in ridden horses' behaviour are associated with frequencies of behaviour indicative of conflict. However, while increased frequencies of are a good indicator of stress, the absence of conflict behaviour does not provide proof of the absence of stress due to the possible occurrence of conditions such as Learned Helplessness. In future studies, the above issues should be taken into consideration when designing experiments to assess psychological stress in ridden horses. | ||||
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6160 | ||
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