| Records |
| Author |
Griffiths,S. W.; Brockmark, S.; Höjesjö,J.; Johnsson,J. I. |
| Title |
Coping with divided attention: the advantage of familiarity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
| Volume |
271 |
Issue |
1540 |
Pages |
695-699 |
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| Abstract |
The ability of an animal to perform a task successfully is limited by the amount of attention being simultaneously focused on other activities. One way in which individuals might reduce the cost of divided attention is by preferentially focusing on the most beneficial tasks. In territorial animals where aggression is lower among familiar individuals, the decision to associate preferentially with familiar conspecifics may therefore confer advantages by allowing attention to be switched from aggression to predator vigilance and feeding. Wild juvenile brown trout were used to test the prediction that familiar fishes respond more quickly than unfamiliar fishes to a simulated predator attack. Our results confirm this prediction by demonstrating that familiar trout respond 14% faster than unfamiliar individuals to a predator attack. The results also show that familiar fishes consume a greater number of food items, foraging at more than twice the rate of unfamiliar conspecifics. To the best of our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence that familiarity–biased association confers advantages through the immediate fitness benefits afforded by faster predator–evasion responses and the long–term benefits provided by increased feeding opportunities. |
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10.1098/rspb.2003.2648 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5007 |
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Bugnyar, T.; Stöwe, M.; Heinrich, B. |
| Title |
Ravens, Corvus corax, follow gaze direction of humans around obstacles |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
| Volume |
271 |
Issue |
1546 |
Pages |
1331-1336 |
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The ability to follow gaze (i.e. head and eye direction) has recently been shown for social mammals, particularly primates. In most studies, individuals could use gaze direction as a behavioural cue without understanding that the view of others may be different from their own. Here, we show that hand–raised ravens not only visually co–orient with the look–ups of a human experimenter but also reposition themselves to follow the experimenter's gaze around a visual barrier. Birds were capable of visual co–orientation already as fledglings but consistently tracked gaze direction behind obstacles not before six months of age. These results raise the possibility that sub–adult and adult ravens can project a line of sight for the other person into the distance. To what extent ravens may attribute mental significance to the visual behaviour of others is discussed. |
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10.1098/rspb.2004.2738 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5009 |
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Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Alon, U. |
| Title |
Response to Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5687 |
Pages |
1107d |
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10.1126/science.1100519 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5031 |
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Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Shen-Orr, S.; Ayzenshtat, I.; Sheffer, M.; Alon, U. |
| Title |
Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5663 |
Pages |
1538-1542 |
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Complex biological, technological, and sociological networks can be of very different sizes and connectivities, making it difficult to compare their structures. Here we present an approach to systematically study similarity in the local structure of networks, based on the significance profile (SP) of small subgraphs in the network compared to randomized networks. We find several superfamilies of previously unrelated networks with very similar SPs. One superfamily, including transcription networks of microorganisms, represents “rate-limited” information-processing networks strongly constrained by the response time of their components. A distinct superfamily includes protein signaling, developmental genetic networks, and neuronal wiring. Additional superfamilies include power grids, protein-structure networks and geometric networks, World Wide Web links and social networks, and word-adjacency networks from different languages. |
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10.1126/science.1089167 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5033 |
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Artzy-Randrup, Y.; Fleishman, S.J.; Ben-Tal, N.; Stone, L. |
| Title |
Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
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Science |
| Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5687 |
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1107c |
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10.1126/science.1099334 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5037 |
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| Author |
List, C. |
| Title |
Democracy in animal groups: a political science perspective |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution (Personal Edition) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
168-169 |
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English |
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0169-5347 |
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PMID:16701250 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5137 |
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Aberle, K.S.; Hamann, H.; Drögemüller, C.; Distl, O. |
| Title |
Genetic diversity in German draught horse breeds compared with a group of primitive, riding and wild horses by means of microsatellite DNA markers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Gen. |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
270-277 |
| Keywords |
diversity; endangered breeds; genetic variation; horse; microsatellite |
| Abstract |
Summary We compared the genetic diversity and distance among six German draught horse breeds to wild (Przewalski's Horse), primitive (Icelandic Horse, Sorraia Horse, Exmoor Pony) or riding horse breeds (Hanoverian Warmblood, Arabian) by means of genotypic information from 30 microsatellite loci. The draught horse breeds included the South German Coldblood, Rhenish German Draught Horse, Mecklenburg Coldblood, Saxon Thuringa Coldblood, Black Forest Horse and Schleswig Draught Horse. Despite large differences in population sizes, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) differed little among the heavy horse breeds (0.64�0.71), but was considerably lower than in the Hanoverian Warmblood or Icelandic Horse population. The mean number of alleles (NA) decreased more markedly with declining population sizes of German draught horse breeds (5.2�6.3) but did not reach the values of Hanoverian Warmblood (NA = 6.7). The coefficient of differentiation among the heavy horse breeds showed 11.6% of the diversity between the heavy horse breeds, as opposed to 21.2% between the other horse populations. The differentiation test revealed highly significant genetic differences among all draught horse breeds except the Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldbloods. The Schleswig Draught Horse was the most distinct draught horse breed. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a clear distinction among the German draught horse breeds and even among breeds with a very short history of divergence like Rhenish German Draught Horse and its East German subpopulations Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldblood. |
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Blackwell Science Ltd |
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1365-2052 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5184 |
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| Author |
Eckardt, G.; Windhofer, A. |
| Title |
Untersuchung der Beanspruchung von Pferden während Isolation und beim Verladen |
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Manuscript |
| Year |
2004 |
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Master's thesis |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5190 |
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| Author |
Hois, C. |
| Title |
Feldstudie zur Gewichtsentwicklung und Gewichtsschätzung beim wachsenden Pferd |
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2004 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5204 |
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| Author |
Pongrácz, P; Miklósi, Á; Timár-Geng, K; Csányi, V. |
| Title |
Verbal Attention Getting as a Key Factor in Social Learning Between Dog (Canis familiaris) and Human. |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume |
118 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
375-383. |
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Pet dogs (Canis familiaris) learn to detour a V-shaped fence effectively from an unfamiliar human demonstrator. In this article, 4 main features of the demonstrator's behavior are highlighted: (a) the manipulation of the target, (b) the familiarity of the demonstrator, (c) the role of verbal attention-getting behavior, and (d) whether a strange trained dog could also be an effective demonstrator. The results show that the main factor of a successful human demonstration is the continuous verbal communication with the dog during detouring. It was also found that an unfamiliar dog demonstrator was as efficient as the unfamiliar experimenter. The experiments provide evidence that in adult dogs, communicative context with humans is needed for effective interspecific social learning to take place. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5218 |
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