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Briefer, E.F.; Haque, S.; Baciadonna, L.; McElligott, A.G. |
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Title |
Goats excel at learning and remembering a highly novel cognitive task |
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Year |
2014 |
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Frontiers in Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Zool. |
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11 |
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1 |
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20 |
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Abstract |
The computational demands of sociality (maintaining group cohesion, reducing conflict) and ecological problems (extractive foraging, memorizing resource locations) are the main drivers proposed to explain the evolution cognition. Different predictions follow, about whether animals would preferentially learn new tasks socially or not, but the prevalent view today is that intelligent species should excel at social learning. However, the predictions were originally used to explain primate cognition, and studies of species with relatively smaller brains are rare. By contrast, domestication has often led to a decrease in brain size, which could affect cognition. In domestic animals, the relaxed selection pressures compared to a wild environment could have led to reduced social and physical cognition. Goats possess several features commonly associated with advanced cognition, such as successful colonization of new environments and complex fission-fusion societies. Here, we assessed goat social and physical cognition as well as long-term memory of a complex two-step foraging task (food box cognitive challenge), in order to investigate some of the main selection pressures thought to affect the evolution of ungulate cognition. |
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1742-9994 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2014 |
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6376 |
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Briefer, E.F.; McElligott, A.G. |
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Rescued goats at a sanctuary display positive mood after former neglect |
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2013 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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146 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2013 |
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6287 |
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Briefer, E.F.; Padilla de la Torre, M.; McElligott, A.G. |
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Title |
Mother goats do not forget their kids' calls |
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2012 |
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Proc R Soc B |
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279 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2012 |
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6282 |
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Breitenmoser, U. |
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Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors |
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1998 |
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Biol Conserv |
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83 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Breitenmoser1998 |
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6450 |
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Author |
Boitani, L. |
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Title |
Patterns of homesites attendance in two Minnesota wolf packs |
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1982 |
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Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology and Conservation |
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Noyes, Park Ridge |
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New York |
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Harrington, F.H.; Paquet, P.C. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boitani1982 |
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6474 |
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Author |
Boersma, P.; Weenink, D. |
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Title |
Praat: doing phonetics by computer |
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2009 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 |
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6496 |
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Author |
Blanco, J.C.; Yolanda, C. |
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Title |
Surveying wolves without snow: a critical review of the methods used in Spain. Hystrix |
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2012 |
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Ital J Mammal |
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23 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blanco2012 |
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6460 |
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Author |
Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H. |
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Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats |
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1986 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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16 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 |
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6251 |
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Bílá, K.; Beránková, J.; Veselý, P.; Bugnyar, T.; Schwab, C. |
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Title |
Responses of urban crows to con- and hetero-specific alarm calls in predator and non-predator zoo enclosures |
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2017 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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20 |
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1 |
Pages |
43-51 |
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Urban animals and birds in particular are able to cope with diverse novel threats in a city environment such as avoiding novel, unfamiliar predators. Predator avoidance often includes alarm signals that can be used also by hetero-specifics, which is mainly the case in mixed-species flocks. It can also occur when species do not form flocks but co-occur together. In this study we tested whether urban crows use alarm calls of conspecifics and hetero-specifics (jackdaws, Corvus monedula) differently in a predator and a non-predator context with partly novel and unfamiliar zoo animal species. Birds were tested at the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in the city of Vienna by playing back con- and hetero-specific alarm calls and control stimuli (great tit song and no stimuli) at predator (wolf, polar bear) and non-predator (eland antelope and cranes, peccaries) enclosures. We recorded responses of crows as the percentage of birds flying away after hearing the playback (out of those present before the playback) and as the number of vocalizations given by the present birds. A significantly higher percentage of crows flew away after hearing either con- or hetero-specific alarm calls, but it did not significantly differ between the predator and the non-predator context. Crows treated jackdaw calls just as crow calls, indicating that they make proper use of hetero-specific alarm calls. Responding similarly in both contexts may suggest that the crows were uncertain about the threat a particular zoo animal represents and were generally cautious. In the predator context, however, a high percentage of crows also flew away upon hearing the great tit control song which suggests that they may still evaluate those species which occasionally killed crows as more dangerous and respond to any conspicuous sound. |
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1435-9456 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bílá2017 |
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6159 |
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Author |
Bernauer, K.; Kollross, H.; Schuetz, A.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K. |
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Title |
How do horses (Equus caballus) learn from observing human action? |
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2020 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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23 |
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1-9 |
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A previous study demonstrated that horses can learn socially from observing humans, but could not draw any conclusions about the social learning mechanisms. Here we develop this by showing horses four different human action sequences as demonstrations of how to press a button to open a feed box. We tested 68 horses aged between 3 and 12 years. 63 horses passed the habituation phase and were assigned either to the group Hand Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used a hand to press the button, Head Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used the head, Mixed Demo (N = 12) for which a squatting person used both head and hand, Foot Demo (N = 12) in which a standing person used a foot, or No Demo (N = 13) in which horses did not receive a demonstration. 44 horses reached the learning criterion of opening the feeder twenty times consecutively, 40 of these were 75% of the Demo group horses and four horses were 31% of the No Demo group horses. Horses not reaching the learning criterion approached the human experimenters more often than those who did. Significantly more horses used their head to press the button no matter which demonstration they received. However, in the Foot Demo group four horses consistently preferred to use a hoof and two switched between hoof and head use. After the Mixed Demo the horses' actions were more diverse. The results indicate that only a few horses copy behaviours when learning socially from humans. A few may learn through observational conditioning, as some appeared to adapt to demonstrated actions in the course of reaching the learning criterion. Most horses learn socially through enhancement, using humans to learn where, and which aspect of a mechanism has to be manipulated, and by applying individual trial and error learning to reach their goal. |
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1435-9456 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bernauer2019 |
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6590 |
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