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Author Mitchell R
Title Self-recognition, methodology and explanation: a comment on Heyes (1994) Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 51 Issue Pages 467
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3020
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Author Povinelli DJ; Gallup GG; Eddy TJ; Bierschwale DT; Engstrom MC
Title Chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 53 Issue Pages 1083
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3029
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Author Povinelli DJ; Nelson KE; Boysen ST
Title Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: evidence of empathy? Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 43 Issue Pages 633
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3031
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Author Hauser MD; Kralik J; Botto-Mahan C
Title Problem solving and functional design features: experiments on cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus oedipus Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 57 Issue Pages 565
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3065
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Author Hauser MD; Pearson H; Seelig D
Title Ontogeny of tool use in cottontop tamarins, Saguinus oedipus: innate recognition of functionally relevant features Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 64 Issue Pages 299
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3066
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Author Hauser MD; Santos LR; Spaepen GM; Pearson HE
Title Problem solving, inhibition and domain-specific experience: experiments on cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 64 Issue Pages 387
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3067
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Author Flannery, B.
Title Relational discrimination learning in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 267-280
Keywords Horses; Shaping; Complex discrimination; Concept formation; Generalization ability; Training
Abstract This series of studies investigated horses' ability to learn the concept of sameness under several different conditions. Before experimentation began, three horses were shaped to touch individually presented stimuli with their muzzles, and then to make two responses to two matching cards from an array of three. A modified version of the identity matching-to-sample (IMTS) procedure was used to present stimuli in a variety of configural arrangements on a barn wall (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), and on a flat panel mounted to a barn door (Experiment 3). The task in each experiment was to select the two stimulus cards that were the same (either circles or Xs) and to avoid the nonmatching stimulus card (either a star or a square). In Experiment 1, the mean accuracy rate for selecting the matching alternatives was 74%. The horses' accuracy levels reached a mean level of 83% during Experiment 2, in which they received additional trials and an intermittent secondary reinforcement schedule. In Experiment 3, when the stimuli were moved further apart from each other within arrangements and were presented on a novel background, the mean accuracy rate was 73%. These data demonstrate that horses can learn complex discrimination problems involving the concept of sameness, and that they are able to generalize this learning to a novel stimulus presentation situation. These results also suggest that a relational discrimination test may be useful for assessing horses' learning ability and the level of training appropriate for individual horses.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3557
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Author Murphy, J.; Waldmann, T.; Arkins, S.
Title Sex differences in equine learning skills and visuo-spatial ability Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 87 Issue 1-2 Pages 119-130
Keywords Horses; Sex differences; Visuo-spatial ability; Learning
Abstract There is evidence of superior visuo-spatial ability in males compared to females in most species investigated to-date. However, no known studies have addressed this issue in the equine. Equine visuo-spatial ability was investigated using a novel test apparatus with a sample of 62 horses (males=34 and females=28) during a series of six tests, where the horses were required to access a food source. The test apparatus consisted of a series of four adjacent stalls, each of which had a feed bin and a moveable barrier. The test apparatus was designed such that the breastplate barriers controlled and limited access by the horses to feed bins in all but one stall during each test. Male horses performed such that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the ability of the subjects to complete all six tests in a mean time of 30 s or less per test. There were significant differences in mean completion times for male subjects between test 1 and test 2 (P<0.05), test 1 and test 3 (P<0.001), test 1 and test 4 (P<0.05) and test 1 and test 5 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in mean completion times between any of the six tests for female subjects. Males had a lower mean total number of errors during all tests. Male horses also successfully completed significantly more tests than females (P<0.05). These results provide the first behavioural demonstration of superior visuo-spatial ability in male horses, similar to that reported in other species.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3560
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Author McCall, C.A.
Title The effect of body condition of horses on discrimination learning abilities Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 327-334
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Abstract Discriminative learning abilities were studied in 12 mature, malnourished horses. All horses initially received a condition score (CS) between 2 and 4 on a scale of 1 (poor) to 9 (extremely fat). Then horses were assigned to one of 3 treatments based on their eventual, rehabilitated CS during discrimination testing: thin, CS 1-3; moderate, CS 4-6; and fat, CS 7-9. The discrimination learning task was performed for 14 days with a maximum of 20 trials per day. Daily criterion was set at eight consecutively correct trails. Total trials to first criteria and total errors during testing were recorded. Analysis of variance showed that treatments did not differ (P>0.05) in total trials to first criterion, however horses on the fat treatment did have higher total error scores (P<0.05) than horses on the thin or moderate treatments. This difference was probably owing to lack of motivation in the fat treatment horses, rather than to true learning ability differences. The sex of the horse did not significantly affect either learning score.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3570
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Author Marinier, S.L.; Alexander, A.J.
Title The use of a maze in testing learning and memory in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 177-182
Keywords Horses; Learning; Memory; Maze; Exercise
Abstract Two mazes were used to test the learning ability and memory of horses, and changes in these abilities. Testing was done on four occasions. On Occasion 1, the horses were run through Maze A until they had reached the criterion of three consecutive correct runs. A week later (Occasion 2), they were retested in Maze A to the same criterion as a measure of memory. On Occasion 3,2 months later, the horses were run through Mazes A and B until they reached the criterion. Occasion 4 took place 1 week later when they were run through Mazes A and B. An estimation of changes in ability to learn came from a comparison of results from Occasions 1 and 3. Similarly, changes in ability to remember came from a comparison of results from Occasions 2 and 4. Nine horses with a variable amount of riding training were the subjects. All horses were able to learn the maze, but the ability varied among horses. There was no obvious correlation between quality of handling of the horses and learning ability. Once the horses had learned the maze, they remembered it perfectly on subsequent occasions. There were changes in the memory and learning ability of the horses, but no clear explanation for this could be found.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3573
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