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Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I.M.; Janis, C. |
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Title |
Evidence For Coevolution Of Sociality And Relative Brain Size In Three Orders Of Mammals |
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2007 |
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Evolution |
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61 |
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12 |
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2811-2821 |
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Brain size, carnivores, coevolution, primates, sociality, ungulates |
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Abstract
As the brain is responsible for managing an individual's behavioral response to its environment, we should expect that large relative brain size is an evolutionary response to cognitively challenging behaviors. The “social brain hypothesis” argues that maintaining group cohesion is cognitively demanding as individuals living in groups need to be able to resolve conflicts that impact on their ability to meet resource requirements. If sociality does impose cognitive demands, we expect changes in relative brain size and sociality to be coupled over evolutionary time. In this study, we analyze data on sociality and relative brain size for 206 species of ungulates, carnivores, and primates and provide, for the first time, evidence that changes in sociality and relative brain size are closely correlated over evolutionary time for all three mammalian orders. This suggests a process of coevolution and provides support for the social brain theory. However, differences between taxonomic orders in the stability of the transition between small-brained/nonsocial and large-brained/social imply that, although sociality is cognitively demanding, sociality and relative brain size can become decoupled in some cases. Carnivores seem to have been especially prone to this. |
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doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00229.x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4781 |
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Dunbar, R.I.M. |
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Title |
The social brain hypothesis and its implications for social evolution |
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2009 |
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Annals of Human Biology |
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Annals of Human Biology |
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36 |
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5 |
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562-572 |
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The social brain hypothesis was proposed as an explanation for the fact that primates have unusually large brains for body size compared to all other vertebrates: Primates evolved large brains to manage their unusually complex social systems. Although this proposal has been generalized to all vertebrate taxa as an explanation for brain evolution, recent analyses suggest that the social brain hypothesis takes a very different form in other mammals and birds than it does in anthropoid primates. In primates, there is a quantitative relationship between brain size and social group size (group size is a monotonic function of brain size), presumably because the cognitive demands of sociality place a constraint on the number of individuals that can be maintained in a coherent group. In other mammals and birds, the relationship is a qualitative one: Large brains are associated with categorical differences in mating system, with species that have pairbonded mating systems having the largest brains. It seems that anthropoid primates may have generalized the bonding processes that characterize monogamous pairbonds to other non-reproductive relationships (?friendships?), thereby giving rise to the quantitative relationship between group size and brain size that we find in this taxon. This raises issues about why bonded relationships are cognitively so demanding (and, indeed, raises questions about what a bonded relationship actually is), and when and why primates undertook this change in social style. |
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Taylor & Francis |
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doi: 10.1080/03014460902960289 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6546 |
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Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I. |
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Title |
Evidence for coevolution of sociality and relative brain size in three orders of mammals |
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2007 |
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Evolution |
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61 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pérez-Barbería2007 |
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6221 |
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Shi, J.; Dunbar, R.I.M.; Buckland, D.; Miller, D. |
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Dynamics of grouping patterns and social segregation in feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum, NW Scotland |
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2005 |
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Mammalia |
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69 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shi2005 |
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6257 |
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Stanley, C.R.; Dunbar, R.I.M. |
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Consistent social structure and optimal clique size revealed by social network analysis of feral goats, Capra hircus |
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2013 |
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Anim Behav |
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85 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Stanley2013 |
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6253 |
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Zhou, W.-X.; Sornette, D.; Hill, R.A.; Dunbar, R.I.M. |
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Title |
Discrete hierarchical organization of social group sizes |
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2005 |
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Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
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Proc Biol Sci |
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272 |
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1561 |
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439-444 |
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Anthropology, Cultural; *Group Structure; Humans; *Models, Biological; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
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Abstract |
The 'social brain hypothesis' for the evolution of large brains in primates has led to evidence for the coevolution of neocortical size and social group sizes, suggesting that there is a cognitive constraint on group size that depends, in some way, on the volume of neural material available for processing and synthesizing information on social relationships. More recently, work on both human and non-human primates has suggested that social groups are often hierarchically structured. We combine data on human grouping patterns in a comprehensive and systematic study. Using fractal analysis, we identify, with high statistical confidence, a discrete hierarchy of group sizes with a preferred scaling ratio close to three: rather than a single or a continuous spectrum of group sizes, humans spontaneously form groups of preferred sizes organized in a geometrical series approximating 3-5, 9-15, 30-45, etc. Such discrete scale invariance could be related to that identified in signatures of herding behaviour in financial markets and might reflect a hierarchical processing of social nearness by human brains. |
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State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China |
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English |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:15734699 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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549 |
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