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Author Murai, C.; Tomonaga, M.; Kamegai, K.; Terazawa, N.; Yamaguchi, M.K.
Title Do infant Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata) categorize objects without specific training? Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Keywords Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Cognition; *Concept Formation; *Generalization, Stimulus; Japan; Macaca/*psychology; Male
Abstract In the present study, we examined whether infant Japanese macaques categorize objects without any training, using a similar technique also used with human infants (the paired-preference method). During the familiarization phase, subjects were presented twice with two pairs of different objects from one global-level category. During the test phase, they were presented twice with a pair consisting of a novel familiar-category object and a novel global-level category object. The subjects were tested with three global-level categories (animal, furniture, and vehicle). It was found that they showed significant novelty preferences as a whole, indicating that they processed similarities between familiarization objects and novel familiar-category objects. These results suggest that subjects responded distinctively to objects without training, indicating the possibility that infant macaques possess the capacity for categorization.
Address Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. cmurai@bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp
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ISSN 0032-8332 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:14505179 Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2813
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Author Boesch C; Boesch H
Title Mental maps in wild chimpanzees: an analysis of hammer transports for nut cracking Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 25 Issue Pages 160
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2982
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Author Visalberghi E; Trinca L
Title Tool use in capuchin monkeys: distinguishing between performing and understanding Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 30 Issue Pages 511
Keywords Tool use – Cebus apella – Mental representation
Abstract A horizontal plexiglas tube containing a food-reward was presented to four naive tufted capuchins and suitable sticks were provided to push the reward out. Three monkeys out of four spontaneously used the tools and showed very different styles of solving the task. In more complex conditions, in which the sticks needed to be combined or actively modified in order to become effective, the monkeys were always successful; however, their performance was loaded with errors which did not disappear throughout the trials. Evidence of a difference between success in solving the problem and its understanding was found. This suggests that although capuchins can discover new means through active experimentation, they do not mentally represent the characteristics necessary for a tool to be effective, nor do they modify the tool appropriately beforehand. At this level, a major difference with chimpanzees emerges.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3047
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Author Yamakoshi G; Sugiyama Y
Title Pestle-pounding behavior of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: a newly observed tool-using behavior Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 36 Issue Pages 489
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3052
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Author Phillips, K.
Title Natural conceptual behavior in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus): An experimental investigation Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 327-332
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Abstract Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Natural conceptual discriminations have been tested in many different species, including pigeons and a variety of non-human primates. The ability of four male squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) to learn and use the natural concept “squirrel monkey” was investigated in this study. After a training phase, subjects were presented with novel stimuli in transfer and test trials. All subjects performed at a rate significantly above chance on the first test trial (p&lt;.001), indicating that squirrel monkeys can utilize natural concepts in the laboratory.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3114
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Author Cordeiro de Sousa, M.; Xavier, N.; Alves da Silva, H.; Souza de Oliveira, M.; Yamamoto, M.
Title Hand preference study in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) using food reaching tests Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 57-66
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Abstract Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Hand preference has been investigated in New World primates but the data obtained thus far are controversial. In this study we investigated hand preference in common marmosets,Callithrix jacchus, during the execution of a reaching for food task. We used 46 adult common marmoset males (n=27) and females (n=19) from the Universidade of Rio Grande do Norte colony, both wild and captive-born. To test the hand preference we used a device measuring 10 cm2, with a central hole 1 cm in diameter, to force the animal to use only one hand to reach for food on a food dish located underneath. Each animal was tested 5 times and had to make a maximum of 20 successful attempts per session. A total of 100 successful attempts per animal and 4,600 successful attempts for all animals were recorded during the experiment. Latency and duration of the sessions were measured and we found preference for the use of one of the hands in common marmoset individuals, i.e. 45 of total of 46 animals used significantly more the right or the left hand when performing the task. However no bias at the population level was found. Females born in captivity presented an increase in the duration of latency for the first successful attempt and in the total duration of the test sessions. These findings might be indicating differences associated with a natural tendency for females to be more selective and to spend more time exploring alimentary sources. Additionally, captive-born females may have a constrain in developing cognitive abilities regarding foraging since they have food available during most part of the time.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3149
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Author Dyer, F. C.
Title Individual cognition and group movement: insights from social insects. Type Book Chapter
Year 2000 Publication Group Movement in Social Primates and Other Animals: Patterns, Processes, and Cognitive Implications. Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher University of Chicago Press Place of Publication Chicago Editor Garber, P.;Boinski, S.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4425
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Author Sawaguchi, T.; Kudo, H.
Title Neocortical development and social structure in primates Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 283-289
Keywords Neocortex – Relative size – Allometry – Congeneric group – Social structure – Monogyny – Polygyny – Primates
Abstract Abstract  The relationships between the relative size of the neocortex and differences in social structures were examined in prosimians and anthropoids. The relative size of the neocortex (RSN) of a given congeneric group in each superfamily of primates was measured based on the allometric relationships between neocortical volume and brain weight for each superfamily, to control phylogenetic affinity and the effects of brain size. In prosimians, “troop-making†congeneric groups (N=3) revealed a significantly larger RSN than solitary groups (N=6), and there was a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size. In the case of anthropoids, polygynous/frugivorous groups (N=5) revealed a significantly larger RSN than monogynous/frugivorous groups (N=8). Furthermore, a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size was found for frugivorous congeneric groups of the Ceboidea. These results suggest that neocortical development is associated with differences in social structure among primates.
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4799
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Author Hashimoto, C.; Takenaka, O.; Furuichi, T.
Title Matrilineal kin relationship and social behavior of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus): Sequencing the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 305-318-318
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
Abstract Matrilineal kin-relations among wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) were studied by DNA analysis. Subject individuals were the members of E1 group, living at Wamba, Zaire, which has been studied since 1974. DNA samples were extracted from wadges that bonobos spat out when feeding on sugar cane. The D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA was amplified by the PCR method, and a nucleotide sequence of 350 base pairs was determined for 17 individuals. Nucleotide variations were found at 44 positions of the sequence. Based on these variations, 13 matrilineal units were divided into seven groups, and the mother of an orphan male was determined among several females. These genetic analyses, together with behavioral observation to date, revealed the following facts. High sequence variation in the target region indicated that females transfer between groups of bonobos, which is in agreement with supposition from long-term field studies. For females, there was no relationship between genetic closeness and social closeness that is represented by frequencies of proximity or grooming. After immigration into a new group, females form social associations with senior females without regard to kin relationship.
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Publisher Springer Japan Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0032-8332 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5199
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Author Imanishi, K.
Title Identification : A process of enculturation in the subhuman society of Macaca fuscata Type Journal Article
Year 1957 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 1-29-29
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
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Publisher Springer Japan Place of Publication Editor
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Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5266
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