| Home | << 1 2 3 4 >> |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Bergstrom, C.T.; Lachmann, M. | ||||
| Title | Signaling among relatives. III. Talk is cheap | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 5100-5105 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Costs and Cost Analysis; *Evolution; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Biological | ||||
| Abstract | The Sir Philip Sidney game has been used by numerous authors to show how signal cost can facilitate honest signaling among relatives. Here, we demonstrate that, in this game, honest cost-free signals are possible as well, under very general conditions. Moreover, these cost-free signals are better for all participants than the previously explored alternatives. Recent empirical evidence suggests that begging is energetically inexpensive for nestling birds; this finding led some researchers to question the applicability of the costly signaling framework to nestling begging. Our results show that cost-free or inexpensive signals, as observed empirically, fall within the framework of signaling theory. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. carl@charles.stanford.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9560235 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number  |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 561 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Grosenick, L.; Clement, T.S.; Fernald, R.D. | ||||
| Title | Fish can infer social rank by observation alone | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 445 | Issue | 7126 | Pages | 429-432 |
| Keywords | Aggression/physiology; Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Female; Fishes/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Dominance; Territoriality | ||||
| Abstract | Transitive inference (TI) involves using known relationships to deduce unknown ones (for example, using A > B and B > C to infer A > C), and is thus essential to logical reasoning. First described as a developmental milestone in children, TI has since been reported in nonhuman primates, rats and birds. Still, how animals acquire and represent transitive relationships and why such abilities might have evolved remain open problems. Here we show that male fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) can successfully make inferences on a hierarchy implied by pairwise fights between rival males. These fish learned the implied hierarchy vicariously (as 'bystanders'), by watching fights between rivals arranged around them in separate tank units. Our findings show that fish use TI when trained on socially relevant stimuli, and that they can make such inferences by using indirect information alone. Further, these bystanders seem to have both spatial and featural representations related to rival abilities, which they can use to make correct inferences depending on what kind of information is available to them. Beyond extending TI to fish and experimentally demonstrating indirect TI learning in animals, these results indicate that a universal mechanism underlying TI is unlikely. Rather, animals probably use multiple domain-specific representations adapted to different social and ecological pressures that they encounter during the course of their natural lives. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. logang@stanford.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17251980 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 600 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Izar, P.; Ferreira, R.G.; Sato, T. | ||||
| Title | Describing the organization of dominance relationships by dominance-directed tree method | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 189-207 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cebus/physiology; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Methods to describe dominance hierarchies are a key tool in primatology studies. Most current methods are appropriate for analyzing linear and near-linear hierarchies; however, more complex structures are common in primate groups. We propose a method termed “dominance-directed tree.” This method is based on graph theory and set theory to analyze dominance relationships in social groups. The method constructs a transitive matrix by imposing transitivity to the dominance matrix and produces a graphical representation of the dominance relationships, which allows an easy visualization of the hierarchical position of the individuals, or subsets of individuals. The method is also able to detect partial and complete hierarchies, and to describe situations in which hierarchical and nonhierarchical principles operate. To illustrate the method, we apply a dominance tree analysis to artificial data and empirical data from a group of Cebus apella. | ||||
| Address | Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. patrizar@usp.br | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16429416 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 723 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hamilton, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Geometry for the selfish herd | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 295-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anura; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Communication; Evolution; Fear; Metallurgy; *Models, Biological; Probability; Snakes; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an antithesis to the view that gregarious behaviour is evolved through benefits to the population or species. Following Galton (1871) and Williams (1964) gregarious behaviour is considered as a form of cover-seeking in which each animal tries to reduce its chance of being caught by a predator. It is easy to see how pruning of marginal individuals can maintain centripetal instincts in already gregarious species; some evidence that marginal pruning actually occurs is summarized. Besides this, simply defined models are used to show that even in non-gregarious species selection is likely to favour individuals who stay close to others. Although not universal or unipotent, cover-seeking is a widespread and important element in animal aggregation, as the literature shows. Neglect of the idea has probably followed from a general disbelief that evolution can be dysgenic for a species. Nevertheless, selection theory provides no support for such disbelief in the case of species with outbreeding or unsubdivided populations. The model for two dimensions involves a complex problem in geometrical probability which has relevance also in metallurgy and communication science. Some empirical data on this, gathered from random number plots, is presented as of possible heuristic value. |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5104951 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 771 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tobin, T.; Combie, J.D. | ||||
| Title | Performance testing in horses: a review of the role of simple behavioral models in the design of performance experiments | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics | Abbreviated Journal | J Vet Pharmacol Ther |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 105-118 |
| Keywords | Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology; Animals; Apomorphine/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl/pharmacology; Horses/*physiology; Methylphenidate/pharmacology; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity/drug effects | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0140-7783 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6125601 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1957 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Wilson, A.M.; McGuigan, M.P.; Su, A.; van Den Bogert, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Horses damp the spring in their step | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 414 | Issue | 6866 | Pages | 895-899 |
| Keywords | Animals; Biomechanics; Elasticity; Forelimb; Gait; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Leg Bones/*physiology; Locomotion; Models, Biological; Muscle Fibers/physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Tendons/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Vibration | ||||
| Abstract | The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle. Despite being apparently redundant for such a mechanism, the muscle fibres in the digital flexors are well developed. Here we show that the mechanical arrangement of the elastic leg permits it to vibrate at a higher frequency of 30-40 Hz that could cause fatigue damage to tendon and bone. Furthermore, we show that the digital flexor muscles have minimal ability to contribute to or regulate significantly the 2.5-Hz cycle of movement, but are ideally arranged to damp these high-frequency oscillations in the limb. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. awilson@rvc.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11780059 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2300 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Munoz-Sanz, A. | ||||
| Title | [Christopher Columbus flu. A hypothesis for an ecological catastrophe] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica | Abbreviated Journal | Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 326-334 |
| Keywords | Animals; Atlantic Islands; Birds; Chickens; Disease Outbreaks/*history; Disease Reservoirs; Disease Susceptibility; Ecology; Europe/ethnology; History, 15th Century; Horses; Humans; Indians, South American; Influenza A virus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*history/mortality/transmission; Models, Biological; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/history/veterinary/virology; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/pathogenicity; Species Specificity; Sus scrofa; Swine Diseases/history/transmission/virology; Terminology; West Indies/epidemiology | ||||
| Abstract | When Christopher Columbus and his men embarked on the second Colombian expedition to the New World (1493), the crew suffered from fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. It is generally accepted that the disease was influenza. Pigs, horses and hens acquired in Gomera (Canary Islands) traveled in the same ship. The pigs may well have been the origin of the flu and the intermediary hosts for genetic recombination of other viral subtypes. The Caribbean archipelago had a large population of birds, the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus. In this ecological scenario there was a concurrence of several biological elements that had never before coexisted in the New World: pigs, horses, the influenza virus and humans. We propose that birds are likely to have played an important role in the epidemiology of the flu occurring on the second Colombian trip, which caused a fatal demographic catastrophe, with an estimated mortality of 90% among the natives. | ||||
| Address | Unidad de Patologia Infecciosa, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Servicio Extremeno de Salud, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Espana. infectio@unex.es | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Spanish | Summary Language | Original Title | La gripe de Cristobal Colon. Hipotesis sobre una catastrofe ecologica | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0213-005X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16762260 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2624 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Waite, T.A. | ||||
| Title | Interruptions improve choice performance in gray jays: prolonged information processing versus minimization of costly errors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 209-214 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Choice Behavior; Female; Learning; Male; Models, Biological; Motivation; Reinforcement Schedule; Songbirds/*physiology; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Under the assumption that selection favors minimization of costly errors, erroneous choice may be common when its fitness cost is low. According to an adaptive-choice model, this cost depends on the rate at which an animal encounters the choice: the higher this rate, the smaller the cost of choosing a less valuable option. Errors should thus be more common when interruptions to foraging are shorter. A previous experiment supported this prediction: gray jays, Perisoreus canadensis, were more error prone when subjected to shorter delays to access to food rewards. This pattern, though, is also predicted by an attentional-constraints model. Because the subjects were able to inspect the rewards during delays, their improved performance when subjected to longer delays could have been a byproduct of the experimentally prolonged opportunity for information processing. To evaluate this possibility, a follow-up experiment manipulated both delay to access and whether rewards could be inspected during delays. Depriving jays of the opportunity to inspect rewards (using opaque lids) induced only a small, nonsignificant increase in error rate. This effect was independent of length of delay and so the jays' improved performance when subjected to longer delays was not simply a byproduct of prolonged information processing. More definitively, even when the jays were prevented from inspecting rewards during delays, their performance improved when subjected to longer delays. The findings are thus consistent with the adaptive-choice model. | ||||
| Address | Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA. waite.1@osu.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12461598 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2592 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kiltie, R.A.; Fan, J.; Laine, A.F. | ||||
| Title | A wavelet-based metric for visual texture discrimination with applications in evolutionary ecology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Mathematical Biosciences | Abbreviated Journal | Math Biosci |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 21-39 |
| Keywords | Animals; Carnivora; *Ecology; Equidae; *Evolution; Humans; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Moths; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Pigmentation | ||||
| Abstract | Much work on natural and sexual selection is concerned with the conspicuousness of visual patterns (textures) on animal and plant surfaces. Previous attempts by evolutionary biologists to quantify apparency of such textures have involved subjective estimates of conspicuousness or statistical analyses based on transect samples. We present a method based on wavelet analysis that avoids subjectivity and that uses more of the information in image textures than transects do. Like the human visual system for texture discrimination, and probably like that of other vertebrates, this method is based on localized analysis of orientation and frequency components of the patterns composing visual textures. As examples of the metric's utility, we present analyses of crypsis for tigers, zebras, and peppered moth morphs. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0025-5564 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7696817 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2660 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kaplan, A.I.; Borodovskii, M.I. | ||||
| Title | [Alternative animal behavior: a model and its statistical characteristics] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly. Biologicheskie Nauki | Abbreviated Journal | Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki |
| Volume | Issue | 3 | Pages | 29-32 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Male; Mathematics; *Models, Biological; *Models, Statistical; Rats; Reinforcement (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | The rats' alternative behaviour in T-maze at simultaneous two-sided food refreshment in 13 trials a day during 6 days has been studied. It has been found that in the first testing days the indexes of alternative behaviour of animals correspond to the characteristics of the random alternation. However, on the 5-6th day of testing in the overwhelming majority of rats the true deviation of alternation index above or below than the theoretical values has been revealed. A question on the existence of two strategies of cognitive behaviour alteration and perseveration in rat population is under discussion. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | Al'ternativnoe povedenie zhivotnykh: model' i statisticheskie kharakteristiki | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0470-4606 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2742929 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2799 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||