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Author Rubenstein, D. I.
Title The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses Type Book Chapter
Year 1994 Publication Animal Societies Abbreviated Journal Animal Societies
Volume Issue Pages 13-28
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Publisher Kyoto University Press Place of Publication Editor Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN 4-87698-014-4 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number (up) Serial 1528
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Author Tembrock G,
Title Land mammals Type Book Chapter
Year 1968 Publication Abbreviated Journal In: Sebeok,T.A.; Animal Communication. London.
Volume Issue Pages 338-404
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 1643
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Author WARING GH et al,
Title The behaviour of horses Type Book Chapter
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal In: Behaviour of domestic animals
Volume Issue Pages 330-369
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 1698
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Author Sato, S.
Title Leadership during actual grazing in a small herd of cattle Type Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.
Volume 8 Issue 1-2 Pages 53-65
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Abstract An understanding of patterns of leadership during grazing movements is important where the management of grazing cattle is concerned. This paper describes the leadership displayed by grazing cattle by recording the spatial relationship (grazing style) among herd members as the group progressed slowly through a field. Grazing style was divided into “A”, “B” and “C”, meaning following, independence and leading, respectively. The results revealed the following features: (1) the frequency distributions of grazing style and grazing formation used by the herd varied with the seasons; (2) the individual animal variation in grazing style did not fundamentally change with the seasons; (3) there was negative linear correlation between Styles A and C and between Styles A and B. The more any cow followed the grazing movement, the less likely it was to lead the grazing movement or to be independent. Styles C and B tended to be positively related; (4) high, medium and low ranking animals in social dominance showed tendencies to behave in Styles C, A and B, respectively; (5) grazing style and weight gain were not clearly related; (6) the cows that tended to lead, be independent or follow less, tended to get out of their paddocks. The observations suggested (1) that the leader-follower-independent relationship, although modified in each season, did not vary fundamentally, (2) that the active movement of high ranking animals and the independent movement of low ranking animals governed the voluntary formation in grazing, and (3) that as grazing cattle that behaved in a single group and did not escape from their paddock were much easier to manage, the grazing style that expressed these characteristics was one of the significant indices for management of grazing cattle.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 2038
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Author Breummer, F
Title The wild horses of Sable Island Type Journal Article
Year 1967 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals
Volume 10 Issue Pages 14-17
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2248
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Author Carson, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M.
Title Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam--Foal behaviour Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.
Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 165-178
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Abstract In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of Equidae existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals. Infant Equidae are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again. Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2253
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Author Péron, F.; Ward, R.; Burman, O.
Title Horses (Equus caballus) discriminate body odour cues from conspecifics Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal Animal Cognition
Volume Issue Pages 1-5
Keywords Body odour; Discrimination; Equus caballus; Habituation; Social memory
Abstract Knowledge about social recognition and memory in animals can help us to determine appropriate management and husbandry techniques. In this study, we used a habituation–discrimination procedure to investigate the ability of horses (Equus caballus) to distinguish between the body odour samples of unfamiliar conspecifics. To pick up body odour, we rubbed material on the coat of horses and presented these unknown body odours to 16 different conspecifics of the same sex and similar age. The test consisted of two successive two-min presentations of a sample from one individual (e.g. individual ‘A’) and a simultaneous presentation of samples from individual ‘A’ and a novel individual (e.g. individual ‘B’) during a final third presentation. The results showed that horses, regardless of sex, decreased the time they spent investigating conspecific body odour across the initial two presentations—demonstrating habituation. In the final presentation, the results demonstrated successful discrimination of the previously experienced odour because horses investigated the novel olfactory sample (‘B’) significantly more than the pre-exposed sample (‘A’). Taken together, these findings suggest, for the first time, that horses are able to discriminate two stimuli derived from body odours of unfamiliar conspecifics over short period of time.
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Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5742
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Author Mostl, E.; Palme, R.
Title Hormones as indicators of stress Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Domestic Animal Endocrinology Abbreviated Journal Fourth International Conference on Farm Animal Endocrinology
Volume 23 Issue 1-2 Pages 67-74
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Abstract Animal welfare is of increasing importance and absence of chronic stress is one of its prerequisites. During stress, various endocrine responses are involved to improve the fitness of the individual. The front-line hormones to overcome stressful situations are the glucocorticoids and catecholamines. These hormones are determined as a parameter of adrenal activity and thus of disturbance. The concentration of glucocorticoids (or their metabolites) can be measured in various body fluids or excreta. Above all, fecal samples offer the advantage that they can be easily collected and this procedure is feedback free. Recently, enzyme immunoassays (EIA) have been developed and successfully tested, to enable the measurement of groups of cortisol metabolites in animal feces. The determination of these metabolites in fecal samples is a practical method to monitor glucocorticoid production.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4067
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Author Bertolucci, C.; Giannetto, C.; Fazio, F.; Piccione, G.
Title Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Animal Abbreviated Journal Animal
Volume 2 Issue 07 Pages 1055-1060
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Abstract Circadian rhythms reflect extensive programming of biological activity that meets and exploits the challenges and opportunities offered by the periodic nature of the environment. In the present investigation, we recorded the total activity of athletic horses kept at four different times of the year (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice), to evaluate the presence of seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms. Athletic Thoroughbred horses were kept in individual boxes with paddock. Digitally integrated measure of total activity of each mare was continuously recorded by actigraphy-based data loggers. Horse total activities were not evenly distributed over the day, but they were mainly diurnal during the year. Daily activity rhythms showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest daily amount of activity during the vernal equinox and the lowest during the winter solstice. Interestingly, the amount of activity during either photophase or scotophase changed significantly throughout the year. Circadian analysis of horse activities showed that the acrophase, the estimated time at which the peak of the rhythm occurs, did not change during the year, it always occurred in the middle of the photoperiod. Analysing the time structure of long-term and continuously measured activity and feeding could be a useful method to critically evaluate athletic horse management systems in which spontaneous locomotor activity and feeding are severely limited. Circadian rhythms are present in several elements of sensory motor and psychomotor functions and these would be taken into consideration to plan the training schedules and competitions in athletic horses.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4823
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Author Ramseyer, A.; Boissy, A.; Thierry, B.; Dumont, B.
Title Individual and social determinants of spontaneous group movements in cattle and sheep Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication animal Abbreviated Journal Animal
Volume 3 Issue 09 Pages 1319-1326 M3 - 10.1017/S1751731109004790
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Abstract Group-living animals travel together to collectively exploit the resources of their environment. This study investigates how social relationships and individual temperament traits affect movement orders in domestic cattle and sheep. We analysed spontaneous group movements occurring at pasture after a resting period in a group of 15 18-month-old Charolais heifers and a group of 19 1-year-old Romane ewe-lambs. For each species, animals had similar social experience and no kinship ties. Before that, animals were observed within the group to establish their social status (e.g. dominance and preferential relationships, and sociability), then in individual tests in order to assess their emotional traits. In both species, most individuals could initiate a group movement but some individuals were more successful than others in recruiting the rest of the group. Ewe-lambs, and to a lesser extent heifers, held preferential positions during travel. We did not find any significant correlations in either species between animal order and their position in the dominance hierarchy (heifers: P = 0.438; ewe-lambs: P = 0.574) while individuals linked by preferential bonds frequently followed each other during group movements (heifers: P < 0.001; ewe-lambs: P < 0.001). With regard to social traits, heifers with a low cohesion index, and with a lower number of partners with whom they develop frequent affinitive interactions, acted more frequently as ‘first movers’ (P = 0.040 and 0.023, respectively), as well as did ewe-lambs with a high spatial independency index (P = 0.002). Ewe-lambs with the highest cohesion indices were more frequently observed in front of the group while moving halfway between departure and arrival (P = 0.028). We did not find significant correlations between individual positions during group movements and emotional traits such as reactivity, boldness and fearfulness. We conclude that preferential bonds and individual traits related to social dependence were more influential in spontaneous group movements at pasture than were emotional traits and dominance status.
Address group movement; group order; social relationship; temperament; ungulates
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Cambridge Journals Online Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1751-7311 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5047
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