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Author Ginsberg, J. R; Rubenstein, D. I. doi  openurl
  Title Sperm competiton and variation in zebra mating behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages 427-434  
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  Abstract Data are presented on the breeding behavior of two zebra species to test whether intra- and interspecific variation in male reproductive behavior and physiology are correlated with differences in female promiscuity. In one species, plains zebra (Equus burchelli) females live in closed membership single male groups and mate monandrously. In the other species, the Grevy's zebra (E. grevyi) females live in groups whose membership is much more temporary. Typically, associations with individual males are brief and mating is polyandrous. However, some females – those having just given birth – reside with one male for long periods, mating monandrously. These differences in female mating behavior generate variability in the potential for sperm competition. We show that behavioral differences in male investment in reproductive activities correlate with the potential for sperm competition. When mating with promiscuous mares, Grevy's zebra stallions made a greater investment in reproductive behavior (calling, mounting, ejaculations) than did stallions of either species when mating with monandrous females. The evolution of large testes size in the Grevy's zebra, when compared to the congeneric plains zebra, horse, and mountain zebra, allows for this increased investment.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1113  
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Author Rubenstein Di, openurl 
  Title Islands and their effects on the social organization of feral horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal ABS Symp  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1523  
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Author Rubenstein Di, openurl 
  Title Behavioural ecology of island feral horeses Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Equine. Vet. J.  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 27-34  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1524  
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Author Rubenstein D. I., openurl 
  Title Reproductive value and behavioral strategies: coming of age in monkeys and horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Perspectives in Ethology Abbreviated Journal Perspect Ethol  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 469-487  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1525  
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Author Rubenstein, D. I., openurl 
  Title Ecology and sociality in horses and zebras Type Book Chapter
  Year 1986 Publication Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution Abbreviated Journal Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution  
  Volume Issue Pages 282-302  
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  Publisher Princeton University Press Place of Publication Princeton, NJ. Editor Rubenstein, D. I. ; Wrangham, R. W.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1526  
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Author Rubenstein, D.I openurl 
  Title Life history and social organization in arid adapted ungulates Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Journal of Arid Environments Abbreviated Journal J. Arid. Environ.  
  Volume 17 Issue Pages 145-156  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1527  
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Author Rubenstein, D. I. isbn  openurl
  Title The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses Type Book Chapter
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Societies Abbreviated Journal Animal Societies  
  Volume Issue Pages 13-28  
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  Publisher Kyoto University Press Place of Publication Editor Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A.  
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  ISSN ISBN 4-87698-014-4 Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1528  
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Author Sundaresan, S.R.; Fischhoff, I.R.; Dushoff, J.; Rubenstein, D.I. doi  openurl
  Title Network metrics reveal differences in social organization between two fission-fusion species, Grevy's zebra and onager Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal Oecologia  
  Volume 151 Issue 1 Pages 140-149  
  Keywords Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Environment; Equidae/*physiology; Female; India; Kenya; Male; *Models, Theoretical; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment  
  Abstract For species in which group membership frequently changes, it has been a challenge to characterize variation in individual interactions and social structure. Quantifying this variation is necessary to test hypotheses about ecological determinants of social patterns and to make predictions about how group dynamics affect the development of cooperative relationships and transmission processes. Network models have recently become popular for analyzing individual contacts within a population context. We use network metrics to compare populations of Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) and onagers (Equus hemionus khur). These closely related equids, previously described as having the same social system, inhabit environments differing in the distribution of food, water, and predators. Grevy's zebra and onagers are one example of many sets of coarsely similar fission-fusion species and populations, observed elsewhere in other ungulates, primates, and cetaceans. Our analysis of the population association networks reveals contrasts consistent with their distinctive environments. Grevy's zebra individuals are more selective in their association choices. Grevy's zebra form stable cliques, while onager associations are more fluid. We find evidence that females associate assortatively by reproductive state in Grevy's zebra but not in onagers. The current approach demonstrates the utility of network metrics for identifying fine-grained variation among individuals and populations in association patterns. From our analysis, we can make testable predictions about behavioral mechanisms underlying social structure and its effects on transmission processes.  
  Address Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ssundare@princeton.edu  
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  ISSN 0029-8549 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16964497 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1863  
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Author Krause Hoare; Hemelrijk; Rubenstein url  doi
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  Title Leadership in fish shoals Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Fish and Fisheries Abbreviated Journal Fish Fish  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 82-89  
  Keywords directional locomotion; fish schools; front fish; nutritional state; schooling; shoal leadership; swimming direction  
  Abstract Leadership is not an inherent quality of animal groups that show directional locomotion. However, there are other factors that may be responsible for the occurrence of leadership in fish shoals, such as individual differences in nutritional state between group members. It appears that front fish have a strong influence on directional shoal movements and that individuals that occupy such positions are often characterised by larger body lengths and lower nutritional state. Potential interactions between the two factors and their importance for positioning within shoals need further attention. Initiation of directional movement in stationary shoals and position preferences in mobile shoals need to be addressed separately because they are potentially subject to different constraints. Individuals that initiate a swimming direction may not necessarily be capable of the sustained high swimming performance required to keep the front position or have the motivation to do so, for that matter. More empirical and theoretical work is necessary to look at the factors controlling positioning behaviour within shoals, as well as overall shoal shape and structure. Tracking of marked individuals whose positioning behaviour is monitored over extended time periods of hours or days would be useful. There is an indication that shoal positions are rotated by individuals according to their nutritional needs, with hungry fish occupying front positions only for as long as necessary to regain their nutritional balance. This suggests that shoal members effectively take turns at being leaders. There is a need for three-dimensional recordings of shoaling behaviour using high-speed video systems that allow a detailed analysis of information transfer in shoals of different size. The relationship between leadership and shoal size might provide an interesting field for future research. Most studies to date have been restricted to shoals of small and medium size and more information on larger shoals would be useful.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 2067  
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Author Saltz,D.; Rubenstein D.I. doi  openurl
  Title Population Dynamics of a Reintroduced Asiatic Wild Ass (Equus Hemionus) Herd Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Ecological Applications Abbreviated Journal Ecol Appl  
  Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 327-335  
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  Abstract Reintroduction is the release of animals into an area where they were extirpated or have significantly declined. Little is known about the factors that determine the success of failure of ungulate reintroduction. We studied the dynamics of a reintroduced Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) population for 10 yr (1983-1993) following the first successful release into the wild. A total of 14 adult females and 14 adult males were released into a nature reserve in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. Over this 10-yr span the female population has grown to only 16 adults. Reproductive success of reintroduced females was low in the first 5 yr following release (0.0-0.8 foals@?female^-^1@?yr^-^1), but increased to 0.5-1.0 foals@?female^-^1@?yr^-^1 in the last 5 yr. Reproductive success of wild-born females @>3 yr old was higher than that of reintroduced females of similar ages, and ranged from 0.5-1.0 foals@?female@?^-^1yr^-^1. Our study and data from the E. hemionus studbook suggest that young nonprimiparous females produced primarily males, while primiparous and old females produced primarily females. We attribute the low reproductive success following reintroduction to the stress caused by capture, transport, and release procedures; we consider the age-dependent progeny sex ratio within the framework of Trivers and Willard's (1973) maternal allocation hypothesis. We conclude that the slow growth of the female population was due to: (a) low reproductive success of females in the early years following reintroduction, and (b) a male-skewed progeny sex ratio among prime-aged reintroduced females. A simple stochastic Leslie matrix model suggests that high survival and improved reproductive success of reintroduced females at later stages of the study, and the reproductive success of wild-born females, make the population relatively unsusceptible to extinction from random demographic processes. In-depth knowledge of the dynamics of reintroduced populations is vital for the correct assessment of their viability. We offer suggestions for increasing the efficacy of future wild ass reintroductions.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2230  
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