| Records |
| Author |
Dixon, G.; Green, L.E.; Nicol, C.J. |
| Title |
Effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks of an egg-laying strain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-58 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Feed; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Chickens/*physiology; Crowding; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Oviposition; Random Allocation; Taste |
| Abstract |
Injurious pecking has serious welfare consequences in flocks of hens kept for egg laying, especially when loose-housed. Frequent diet change is a significant risk for injurious pecking; how the mechanics of diet change influence pecking behavior is unknown. This study investigated the effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks from a laying strain. The study included a 3-week familiarity phase: 18 chick pairs received unflavored feed (Experiment 1); 18 pairs received orange oil-flavored (Experiment 2). All chicks participated in a dietary preference test (P); a diet change (DC); or a control group (C), 6 scenarios. All P chicks preferred unflavored feed. In Experiment 1, DC involved change from unflavored to orange-flavored; Experiment 2, orange- flavored to unflavored. Compared with controls, Experiment 2 DC chicks exhibited few behavioral differences; Experiment 1 DC chicks exhibited increased behavioral event rates on Days 1 and 7. They pecked significantly longer at their environment; by Day 7, they showed significantly more beak activity. There was little evidence of dietary neophobia. Change from more preferred to less preferred feed led to increased activity and redirected pecking behavior. |
| Address |
School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, England |
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English |
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1088-8705 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16649950 |
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Serial |
64 |
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| Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, A. |
| Title |
Absence of effects from immunocontraception on seasonal birth patterns and foal survival among barrier island wild horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
301-308 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Case-Control Studies; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Horses/*physiology; Maryland/epidemiology; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Pregnancy; *Receptors, Cell Surface; *Reproduction; Seasons; Vaccines, Contraceptive/administration & dosage |
| Abstract |
Despite a large body of safety data, concern exists that porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) immunocontraception--used to manage wild horse populations--may cause out-of-season births with resulting foal mortality. Our study at Assateague, Maryland indicated the effects of immunocontraception on season of birth and foal survival between 1990 and 2002 on wild horses from Assateague Island. Among 91 mares never treated, 69 (75.8%) of foals were born in April, May, and June (in season). Among 77 treated mares, 50 (64.9%) were born in season. Of 29 mares foaling within 1 year after treatment (contraceptive failures), 20 (68.9%) were born in season. Of 48 mares treated for greater than 2 years then withdrawn from treatment, 30 (62.5%) of 48 foals were born in season. There were no significant differences (p <.05) between either treatment group or untreated mares. Survival did not differ significantly among foals born in or out of season or among foals born to treated or untreated mares. Data indicate a lack of effect of PZP contraception on season of birth or foal survival on barrier island habitats. |
| Address |
Science and Conservation Center Zoo Montana, Billings, Montana 59106, USA. jkirkpatrick@montana.net |
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1088-8705 |
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PMID:14965784 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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140 |
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| Author |
Henderson, J.V.; Warant, N.K. |
| Title |
Reducing Equine Stereotypies Using an Equiball |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Welfare |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
73-80 |
| Keywords |
NIMAL WELFARE; ENRICHMENT; EQUIBALLTRADE; HORSES; STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOUR |
| Abstract |
It is believed that environmental enrichment techniques can play an important part in creating suitable captive environments for horses. There has, however, been little scientific investigation into the effectiveness of 'stable-toys' which claim to reduce the performance of equine stereotypies. This study investigated the effect of a foraging device known as 'The Equiball' on equine stereotypies. Six horses were given their evening feed in an Equiball, and the occurence of stereotypic behaviour recorded using scan sampling of video observations. Pre-enrichment, horses spent a mean(SD) of 5.27 ? 8.17 per cent of their time in the stable performing stereotypies; and significant individual variation in mean time performing stereotypic behaviour was found (P < 0.05). Several peaks in stereotypy over the day were found, the two main ones corresponding to the times before feeding. A reduction in stereotypic behaviour in five horses, and a small increase in stereotypic behaviour in one horse was observed during enrichment. During enrichment, there was an overall trend for stereotypic behaviour to decrease (P < 0.1). When used in conjunction with other measures such as behaviour therapy, companionship, increased exercise, and so on, the Equiball may help to create an environment less likely to lead to the development of stereotypic behaviours. |
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2011 |
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| Author |
McBride, S.D.; Cuddeford, D. |
| Title |
The Putative Welfare-Reducing Effects of Preventing Equine Stereotypic Behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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10 |
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173-189 |
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2012 |
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| Author |
Bekoff, M. |
| Title |
Cognitive Ethology and the Treatment of Non-Human Animals: How Mati'ers of Mind Inform Mati'ers of Welfare |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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3 |
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75-96 |
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3457 |
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| Author |
Kirkwood, J.K.; Hubrecht, R. |
| Title |
Animal Consciousness, Cognition and Welfare |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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10 |
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5-17 |
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3488 |
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| Author |
Dawkins, M.S. |
| Title |
Who Needs Consciousness? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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10 |
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19-29 |
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3489 |
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| Author |
Taylor, J.G. |
| Title |
What do Neuronal Network Models of the Mind Indicate about Animal Consciousness? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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10 |
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63-75 |
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3490 |
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| Author |
Tschudin, A.J.-P.C. |
| Title |
'Mindreading' Mammals? Attribution of Belief Tasks with Dolphins |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Welfare |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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119-127 |
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| Abstract |
'Mindreading' or theory of mind (ToM) refers to the capacity to attribute mental states to others. This ability is regarded as a critical component of what has, to date, exclusively characterized the advanced social cognition displayed by humans. The false belief task is a key test for ToM in different animal species. On a standard non-verbal false belief task, humans pass from age 4, whereas non-human primates consistently fail. Neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence for dolphins, however, indicates that they are capable of passing ToM tasks. The current paper represents a synthesis of the relevant dolphin research on neocortical evolution and non-invasive behavioural tests of precursors for ToM and the attribution of beliefs. The success of dolphins on attribution of belief tasks, in the absence of learning or cueing, indicates that they are capable of 'mindreading'. What are the implications of animal 'mindreading'? ToM tasks probe for reflexive consciousness and, by this criterion, dolphins may display reflexive consciousness. The implication of this conclusion is that future behavioural studies of social cognition will have considerable ethical and legal implications for animal welfare. |
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3491 |
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| Author |
Wemelsfelder, F. |
| Title |
The Inside and Outside Aspects of Consciousness: Complementary Approaches to the Study of Animal Emotion |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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10 |
Issue |
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129-139 |
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3492 |
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