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Author  |
Klimov, V.V. |
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Title |
Spatial-ethological organization of the herd of Przewalski horses (Equus przewalskii) in Askania-Nova |
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1988 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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21 |
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1-2 |
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99-115 |
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Abstract |
The ethological structure of the herd of Przewalski horses includes hierarchic ranks of horses which determine their social roles in the herd. Besides the age ranks, the wild horses are characterized by the formation of harem groups, a “leading” group of females, a group of bachelor stallions, family groups, etc. The ethological structure determines the spatial one, which is the form of distribution of horses over the territory, and its assimilation and transformation into a system of informative spatial units. Under the influence of “internal” and “external” stimuli, the intragoup regulatory mechanims (social adaptations) manifest themselves, which allow the herd to function in the complicated situation of the reserve and allow humans to control the herd by using these mechanisms. There are grounds to believe that, given the balanced ethological structure of these groups, wild horses could be successfully acclimatized into natural biotopes. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2330 |
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Author |
Kirkpatrick, J. F.; Kasman, L. H.; Lasley,; B. L.; Turner, J. W. Jr. |
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Title |
Pregnancy Determination in Uncaptured Feral Horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Journal of Wildlife Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Wildl Manag |
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52 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
305-308 |
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The urinary excretion of estrone sulfate ($\text{E}{1}\text{S}$) by 25 free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus) was measured by radioimmunoassay applied to extracts of urine-soaked soil. Twelve of 15 mares having $\text{E}{1}\text{S}$ concentrations >1.0 mg/mg creatinine (x = 2.64 +- 1.02 [SD]) produced foals. All 10 mares with $\text{E}{1}\text{S}$ concentrations <1.0 mg/mg creatinine (x = 0.44 +- 0.26) did not foal. Extracting urine from soil and measuring $\text{E}{1}\text{S}$ and creatinine can be used to determine pregnancy in free-roaming feral horses without the stress of capture or immobilization. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2290 |
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KIRKPATRICK JF et al, |
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Pregnancy determination in uncaptured feral Horses based on steroid metabolites in urine – soaked snow and free steroids in feces |
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1988 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1272 |
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Author |
Keiper, R.R. |
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Title |
Social interactions of the Przewalski horse (Equus przewalskii Poliakov, 1881) herd at the Munich Zoo |
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1988 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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21 |
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1-2 |
Pages |
89-97 |
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Data were collected on 972 aggressions and 233 acts of mutual grooming in a herd of 9 Przewalski horses in the Hellabrunn Tierpark in Munich, West Germany. The herd was composed of 1 adult stallion, 5 adult mares and 3 foals. A distinct linear dominance hierarchy was present in the herd, with the stallion being the top-ranking animal. Age was significantly correlated with rank. Almost 40% of all aggressions consisted of herding actions by the stallion. Threats to bite (20% of all aggressions) and threats to kick (11.4%) were next in frequency of occurrence. Most mutual grooms (71%) involved grooming the front part of the body. Although mutual grooming may be used to appease higher-ranked animals, most grooming bouts were between related horses. Foals initiate 47.6% of all allogrooming. Mutual grooming may reduce weaning conflict between a mare and her foal or may result in female coalitions that defend against predators or aggression by the herd stallion. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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775 |
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Author |
Jerison H. J. |
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Title |
Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology |
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Book Whole |
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1988 |
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Jerison H. J., Jerison, J. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6402 |
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Author |
Jenks, S. M. |
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Title |
Behavioral regulation of social organization and mating in a captive wolf pack |
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1988 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Univ. Conn. Dept. Biobehavioral Sci |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5237 |
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Author |
Huff, A.N. |
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Title |
Winter Manegement |
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1988 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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8 |
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1 |
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81-81 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4668 |
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Author |
Huff, A.N. |
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Title |
Safety |
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Year |
1988 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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8 |
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1 |
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81-81 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4669 |
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Author |
Houston, A.I.; McNamara, J.M. |
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Title |
Fighting for food: a dynamic version of the Hawk-Dove game |
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1988 |
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Evolutionary Ecology |
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Evol. Ecol. |
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2 |
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1 |
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51-64 |
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750 |
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Houpt, K.A.; Perry, P.J.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
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Title |
Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies |
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1988 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
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Physiol. Behav. |
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42 |
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5 |
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401-407 |
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Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Blood Proteins/analysis; *Eating; Female; Hematocrit; Horses/blood/*physiology; Osmolar Concentration; *Water-Electrolyte Balance |
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Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by 90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from 33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285 mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals. Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences. Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding, while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent after feeding. |
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Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:3393599 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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47 |
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