Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

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Author	Budras, K.D.; Scheibe, K.; Patan, B.; Streich, W.J.; Kim, K.
Title	Laminitis in Przewalski horses kept in a semireserve			Type	Journal Article
Year	2001	Publication	Journal of Veterinary Science (Suwon-si, Korea)	Abbreviated Journal	J Vet Sci
Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	1-7
Keywords	Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Body Weight; Climate; Geography; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Korea/epidemiology; Lameness, Animal/epidemiology
Abstract	Semireserves were created by the European Conservation Project for scientific research in preparation for reintroduction in the wilderness. They are defined as enclosures large enough to carry a group of Przewalski horses throughout the year without any additional feeding. The semireserve offers diverse opportunities for significant scientific research. As part of a general screening program, the hoof development in a group of Przewalski horses was investigated in the semireserve Schorfheide near Berlin. Since the foundation of this semireserve in 1992, veterinary treatment was not necessary with the exception of hoof trimming in two animals in 1993. However, major health problems were encountered in the spring of 1999, when three other mares showed signs of laminitis. The initial diagnosis by the authors and the local veterinary surgeon based on observation of behaviour, gait, stance, walk and trot of three mares whose initial weights were higher than those of the healthy mares. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by palpation and the occurrence of very deep horn rings on all hooves and a laminitic horn ring on the right front hoof of one mare. An adequate laminitic therapy was not possible under the conditions of a semireserve. The applied management aimed at two goals: 1. To reduce endotoxin production and acidosis in the horses by reducing the ingestion of carbohydrate rich food. 2. To reduce the mares level of activity and to prevent tearing of the suspensory apparatus of the coffin bone. To achieve these two goals it was decided to remove the three laminitic mares from the rich pasture in the main part of the semireserve and to confine them onto the poorer pasture of the small separately fenced area. All three affected mares had fully recovered from their laminitic condition. Prevention of grass laminitis can be achieved by the following measures: 1. Reduction in grass intake could be achieved by increasing the grazing pressure by an increase in stocking rate of the horses or mixed grazing with another species such as sheep. 2. A longer term solution to the problem may well be to sow specific varieties of grass with lower concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate.
Address	Institute of Veterinary Anatomy of the Free University of Berlin, Berlin 33, Germany. budras@vetmed.fu-berlin.de
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1229-845X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:14614287			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1905
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Author	Boissevain, I.
Title	[Animal and human rights in installments]			Type
Year	2007	Publication	Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde	Abbreviated Journal	Tijdschr Diergeneeskd
Volume	132	Issue	4	Pages	132
Keywords	Animals; Clinical Competence/standards; Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horses; Humans; Netherlands; Time Factors; Veterinary Medicine/methods/standards
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	Dutch	Summary Language		Original Title	Dierenrechten en mensenrechten in termijnen
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0040-7453	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:17366876			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4018
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Author	Blazyczek, I.; Hamann, H.; Deegen, E.; Distl, O.; Ohnesorge, B.
Title	Retrospective analysis of 50 cases of guttural pouch tympany in foals			Type	Journal Article
Year	2004	Publication	The Veterinary Record	Abbreviated Journal	Vet. Rec.
Volume	154	Issue	9	Pages	261-264
Keywords	Animals; Female; Germany/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/surgery; Horses; Male; Pharyngeal Diseases/epidemiology/surgery/veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Species Specificity
Abstract	Between 1994 and 2001, guttural pouch tympany was diagnosed in 51 foals; there were approximately three times as many fillies as colts, of Arabian, different German warmblood breeds and Western horse breeds. There were significantly more Arabian and paint horse foals than expected in comparison with the breed distribution of the foals hospitalised at the Clinic for Horses. The foals' breed and sex did not influence the age of onset, the type and severity of the clinical signs or the recurrence rate. A surgical laser technique was used on 50 of the foals; in 35 cases only one surgical treatment was necessary, in seven cases a second operation was required during the foal's initial period of hospitalisation, and in eight cases a second operation was performed during a second period of hospitalisation. Long-term follow-up information was obtained for 44 of the 50 treated horses; 24 of them were under two years of age and 20 were over two years of age. In six horses, no follow-up information was available. Four horses were euthanased for reasons unrelated to the condition or its treatment. The horses over two years of age were in training or were being used for competitions in dressage or jumping or for breeding purposes, and in only one of them was an adventitious respiratory noise reported. All the horses up to two years of age were reported to be healthy.
Address	Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0042-4900	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:15029964			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3719
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Author	Beveridge, W.I.
Title	Unravelling the ecology of influenza A virus			Type	Journal Article
Year	1993	Publication	History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Hist Philos Life Sci
Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	23-32
Keywords	Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/history/microbiology; Birds; Ecology; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/history/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/microbiology/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/history/microbiology; Zoonoses/history
Abstract	For 20 years after the influenza A virus was discovered in the early 1930s, it was believed to be almost exclusively a human virus. But in the 1950s closely related viruses were discovered in diseases of horses, pigs and birds. Subsequently influenza A viruses were found to occur frequently in many species of birds, particularly ducks, usually without causing disease. Researchers showed that human and animal strains can hybridise thus producing new strains. Such hybrids may be the cause of pandemics in man. Most pandemics have started in China or eastern Russia where many people are in intimate association with animals. This situation provides a breeding ground for new strains of influenza A virus.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0391-9714	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:8310117			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2667
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Author	Bertram, D.S.
Title	Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines			Type	Journal Article
Year	1971	Publication	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	Abbreviated Journal	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
Volume	65	Issue	6	Pages	742-762
Keywords	Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Antibodies/analysis; Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary; Belize; Culex; Culicidae/classification; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/immunology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria/*epidemiology; Neutralization Tests; Seasons
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0035-9203	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:4400502			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2732
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Author	Bell, R.J.W.; Kingston, J.K.; Mogg, T.D.; Perkins, N.R.
Title	The prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand			Type	Journal Article
Year	2007	Publication	New Zealand Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	N Z Vet J
Volume	55	Issue	1	Pages	13-18
Keywords	Age Factors; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control; Horses; Male; New Zealand/epidemiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects/physiology; Poaceae; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Stomach Ulcer/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Time Factors
Abstract	AIM: To establish the prevalence and factors influencing the prevalence and severity of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand. METHODS: Horses (n=171) in active training for racing by trainers (n=24) located throughout New Zealand were examined using gastroscopy during 2003 and 2004. Images of the examination were recorded and reviewed, and an ordinal grade based on the severity of gastric ulceration present was assigned, using the grading system proposed by the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (EGUC). Information about the horses such as age, breed, sex, stabling, time at pasture, pasture quality, and presence of clinical signs consistent with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) was recorded. RESULTS: Of the 171 horses in the study, 133 (78%) were Thoroughbreds and 38 (22%) were Standardbreds. Evidence of gastric ulceration was present in 151 (88.3%) of these. Prevalence of ulceration was higher at the lesser curvature (LC) and greater curvature (GC) of the stomach than at the saccus caecus (SC; p<0.01), and ulceration was more severe at the LC than at either the GC (p=0.02) or the SC (p<0.001). The prevalence of ulceration did not differ between the two breeds (p=0.51) or between horses of differing ages (p=0.56). Gastric ulceration was evident in 125/141 (89%) horses kept at pasture for at least 4 h/day, in all 13 (100%) horses kept at pasture full time, and in 16/17 (94%) horses stabled full time. Prevalence and severity of ulceration did not differ between horses stabled full time, kept at pasture for part of the day or kept at pasture full time (p=0.33 and 0.13, respectively), and for horses grazed on pasture severity of ulceration did not vary significantly with the quality of the pasture (p=0.12). Neither prevalence (p=0.26) nor severity (p=0.49) of gastric ulceration varied significantly with duration of training. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand is similar to that reported elsewhere for horses in active training for racing. Access to pasture for some or all of the day did not appear to be protective.
Address	Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. robinjw@gmail.com
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0048-0169	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:17339911			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4020
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Author	Bast, T.F.; Whitney, E.; Benach, J.L.
Title	Considerations on the ecology of several arboviruses in eastern Long Island			Type	Journal Article
Year	1973	Publication	The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Trop Med Hyg
Volume	22	Issue	1	Pages	109-115
Keywords	Animals; Antibodies, Viral/analysis; Arboviruses/*isolation & purification; Birds; Brain/microbiology; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/veterinary; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insects; Liver/microbiology; Mites; Neutralization Tests; New York; Snakes; Ticks
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0002-9637	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:4684881			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2715
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Author	Barwick, R.S.; Mohammed, H.O.; McDonough, P.L.; White, M.E.
Title	Epidemiologic features of equine Leptospira interrogans of human significance			Type	Journal Article
Year	1998	Publication	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	Abbreviated Journal	Prev Vet Med
Volume	36	Issue	2	Pages	153-165
Keywords	Animals; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Humans; Leptospira interrogans; New York/epidemiology; Weil Disease/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Zoonoses/epidemiology/microbiology
Abstract	Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. There is a serologic evidence that horses are exposed to L. interrogans and, as a shedder of these organisms, can be a threat to humans. We examined risk factors associated with the risk of testing seropositive to three L. interrogans serovars (L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, and L. canicola) in the horses of New York State, in order to understand the epidemiology of the disease and suggest strategies to control and prevent equine leptospirosis. To carry out this study, blood samples were collected from a random sample of 2551 horses and tested for the presence of antibodies to the above serovars using the microscopic agglutination test. Samples with a titer $100 were considered positive. Clinical and demographic data were collected on each horse, the farms' management practices and ecology. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a multivariate indexing system and to identify factors significantly associated with the risk of leptospirosis. Four indices were developed based on the possible sources of exposure: rodent exposure index; wildlife exposure index; soil and water index; and management index. The soil and water index was significantly associated with the risk of exposure to all three serovars. Management was positively associated with L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola. Density of horses turned out together was positively associated with the risk of exposure to L. grippotyphosa. We concluded that indirect exposure of horses to L. interrogans through contaminated soil and water appears to be significantly associated with the risk of exposure to all three serovars. Management appears to play an important role in the exposure to L. interrogans. Modification of management practices might reduce the horses' risk of exposure and hopefully minimize the human hazards.
Address	Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0167-5877	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:9762736			Approved	no
Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2653
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Author	Bannasch, D.; Rinaldo, C.; Millon, L.; Latson, K.; Spangler, T.; Hubberty, S.; Galuppo, L.; Lowenstine, L.
Title	SRY negative 64,XX intersex phenotype in an American saddlebred horse			Type	Journal Article
Year	2007	Publication	Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)	Abbreviated Journal	Vet J
Volume	173	Issue	2	Pages	437-439
Keywords	Animals; Female; Genitalia/abnormalities; Hermaphroditism/veterinary; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/genetics; Horses/genetics/physiology; Karyotyping; Phenotype; Sex Differentiation; Sex Differentiation Disorders/diagnosis/veterinary; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein/genetics/*metabolism
Abstract	A female American saddlebred horse was presented for surgical correction of a possible pseudohermaphrodite condition. The horse had abnormal external genitalia and exhibited stallion-like behaviour. No evidence of uterine or ovarian tissue was identified on laparoscopic examination, but hypoplastic testicular-like tissue was removed, although this was found to contain no spermatogonia upon histopathological examination. A karyotype was performed and showed the normal chromosomal complement for a female horse (64,XX). Polymerase chain reaction to detect the SRY gene was negative in peripheral blood as well as the testicular-like tissue. This case represents the first report of an SRY negative XX-male sex reversal intersex phenotype, which is a potentially inherited condition, in an American saddlebred horse.
Address	Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. dlbannasch@ucdavis.edu
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1090-0233	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:16386440			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1882
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Author	Bachmann, I.; Audige, L.; Stauffacher, M.
Title	Risk factors associated with behavioural disorders of crib-biting, weaving and box-walking in Swiss horses			Type	Journal Article
Year	2003	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet J
Volume	35	Issue	2	Pages	158-163
Keywords	Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data Collection; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control; Horses; Housing, Animal; Male; Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/veterinary; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Stereotyped Behavior; Switzerland/epidemiology
Abstract	REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Studies on the prevalence of behavioural disorders in horses and on associated risk factors have revealed inconsistent results. There are many studies on the neuropharmacological, surgical or mechanical therapy of stereotypies, but little is known about their causation. OBJECTIVES: To explore risk factors associated with the occurrence of behavioural disorders in horses. METHODS: A sample of horse owners, selected randomly and representative for Switzerland, was contacted in a postal survey. Answers were provided for 622 stables (response rate 35.2%). Individual data of 2,341 horses were examined with path analysis (multivariable linear and logistic regression), and adjustment made for possible confounding effects due to age and breed. RESULTS: Out of 60 possible risk factors, 11 were associated with the outcome at the univariable level (null-hypothesis path model) and 3 factors remained after the backward logistic regression procedure. Mature Warmbloods and Thoroughbreds, assessed by the owners to be reactive, fed 4 times a day and without daily pasture, had increased odds of displaying crib-biting, weaving and box-walking. Furthermore, indirect associations of 5 factors with the outcome were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The final logistic regression model of risk factors leads to the hypotheses that causal prevention of stereotypic behaviours should be based upon housing and management conditions which allow tactile contact with other horses (e.g. mutual grooming), daily free movement (paddock or pasture), as well as the provision of high amounts of roughage but of little or no concentrates. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is one of the aims of population medicine to prevent the development of behavioural disorders. Further research is needed to test the concluding hypotheses in experimental studies or to verify them in the context of similar observational studies.
Address	Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), LFW B55. 1, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0425-1644	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:12638792			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1907
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