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Laland, K. N.; Richerson, P. J.; Boyd, R. |
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Title |
Developing a theory of animal social learning. |
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1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture. |
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129-154 |
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Academic Press |
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San Diego, California |
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Heyes, C. M.;Galef,B. G. J. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
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4093 |
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Author |
Kendal, R.L.; Coe, R.L.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
Age differences in neophilia, exploration, and innovation in family groups of callitrichid monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
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American journal of primatology |
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Am. J. Primatol. |
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66 |
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2 |
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167-188 |
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Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Animals, Zoo; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Callitrichinae/*physiology; *Creativeness; Exploratory Behavior/*physiology; Observation; Social Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis |
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The prevailing assumption in the primate literature is that young or juvenile primates are more innovative than adult individuals. This innovative tendency among the young is frequently thought to be a consequence, or side effect, of their increased rates of exploration and play. Conversely, Reader and Laland's [International Journal of Primatology 22:787-806, 2001] review of the primate innovation literature noted a greater reported incidence of innovation in adults than nonadults, which they interpreted as (in part) a reflection of the greater experience and competence of older individuals. Within callitrichids there is contradictory evidence for age differences in response to novel objects, foods, and foraging tasks. By presenting novel extractive foraging tasks to family groups of callitrichid monkeys in zoos, we examined, in a large sample, whether there are positive or negative relationships of age with neophilia, exploration, and innovation, and whether play or experience most facilitates innovation. The results indicate that exploration and innovation (but not neophilia) are positively correlated with age, perhaps reflecting adults' greater manipulative competence. To the extent that there was evidence for play in younger individuals, it did not appear to contribute to innovation. The implications of these findings for the fields of innovation and conservation through reintroduction are considered. |
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Sub-Department of Animal Behavior, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. RachelKendal2003@yahoo.co.uk |
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English |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:15940712 |
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2148 |
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Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. |
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Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence |
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2008 |
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Adv Study Behav |
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38 |
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105-165 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008 |
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6260 |
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Galef, B.G.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
Social Learning in Animals: Empirical Studies and Theoretical Models |
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2005 |
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BioScience |
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55 |
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6 |
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489-499 |
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AbstractThe last two decades have seen a virtual explosion in empirical research on the role of social interactions in the development of animals' behavioral repertoires, and a similar increase in attention to formal models of social learning. Here we first review recent empirical evidence of social influences on food choice, tool use, patterns of movement, predator avoidance, mate choice, and courtship, and then consider formal models of when animals choose to copy behavior, and which other animals' behavior they copy, together with empirical tests of predictions from those models. |
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0006-3568 |
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10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0489:Sliaes]2.0.Co;2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6398 |
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Day, R.L.; Coe, R.L.; Kendal, J.R.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
Neophilia, innovation and social learning: a study of intergeneric differences in callitrichid monkeys |
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2003 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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Anim. Behav. |
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65 |
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3 |
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559-571 |
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In a comparative study of neophilia, innovation and social attentiveness we exposed individuals in seven callitrichid species, from three genera, to novel extractive foraging tasks. The results revealed consistently shorter response latencies, higher levels of successful and unsuccessful manipulation, and greater attentiveness to the task and to conspecifics inLeontopithecus (lion tamarins) than in both Saguinus (tamarins) and Callithrix (marmosets). This is consistent with the hypothesis that species dependent upon manipulative and explorative foraging tend to be less neophobic and more innovative than other species. Furthermore, Callithrix appeared to be less neophobic than Saguinus; ifCallithrix is regarded as the greater specialist, this result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that neophobia is associated with foraging specialization. We consider the relevance of our findings to taxonomic relationships, and to technical and Machiavellian intelligence hypotheses and discuss the implications for captive breeding and reintroduction strategies.Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6035 |
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Author |
Boogert, N.J.; Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
The relation between social rank, neophobia and individual learning in starlings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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72 |
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6 |
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1229-1239 |
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Researchers with diverse interests in topics ranging from the formation of dominance hierarchies and social intelligence to animal personalities have predicted specific, and often conflicting, relations between social rank, neophobia and learning ability. We investigated the relations between these variables in captive groups of wild-caught starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, adopting a multidimensional approach to social rank and neophobia. Both agonistic and competitive rank orders were determined for each group and we tested individuals in the absence of their groupmates for object neophobia, latency to feed in a novel environment and performance on an extractive foraging task. In each starling group, the fastest learners occupied the highest competitive ranks, supporting the hypothesis that cognitive ability is positively correlated with social dominance. Competitive rank orders, however, did not correlate significantly with agonistic rank orders. Situation-specific foraging neophobia was suggested: individuals showed consistency in their latencies to feed near a variety of novel objects, but no significant correlation was found between this measure of object neophobia and latency to feed in a novel environment. Starlings fastest to feed in the novel environment were fastest in solving the foraging task. We discuss the implications of these findings for researchers studying hierarchy formation in animal groups, social intelligence and animal personalities. |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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2074 |
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Author |
Boogert, N.J.; Reader, S.M.; Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
The origin and spread of innovations in starlings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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75 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1509-1518 |
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Keywords |
diffusion dynamics; dominance; foraging; group; innovation; neophobia; social learning; social network; starling; Sturnus vulgaris |
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There are numerous reports of novel learned behaviour patterns in animal populations, yet the factors influencing the invention and spread of these innovations remain poorly understood. Here we investigated to what extent the pattern of spread of innovations in captive groups of starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, could be predicted by knowledge of individual and social group variables, including association patterns, social rank orders, measures of neophobia and asocial learning performance. We presented small groups of starlings with a series of novel extractive foraging tasks and recorded the latency for each bird to contact and solve each task, as well as the orders of contacting and solving. We then explored which variables best predicted the observed diffusion patterns. Object neophobia and social rank measures characterized who was the first of the group to contact the novel foraging tasks, and the subsequent spread of contacting tasks was associated with latency to feed in a novel environment. Asocial learning performance, measured in isolation, predicted who was the first solver of the novel foraging tasks in each group. Association patterns did not predict the spread of solving. Contact latency and solving duration were negatively correlated, consistent with social learning underlying the spread of solving. Our findings indicate that we can improve our understanding of the diffusion dynamics of innovations in animal groups by investigating group-dependent and individual variables in combination. We introduce novel methods for exploring predictors of the origin and spread of behavioural innovations that could be widely applied. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6036 |
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